Cardiovascular System Flashcards
List in order the Sequence of blood circulation
Arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins
Carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Smallest arteries
Arterioles
Tiny blood vessels where nutrients and gases are exchanges; located between arterioles and venules
Capillaries
Smallest veins
Venules
Carry blood back to the heart
Veins
Carries blood to and from the lungs
Pulmonary circuit
Carries blood to the rest of the body
Systemic circuit
Heart wall consists of how many layers ?
3
Outer layer of the heart wall is called the
Epicardium
The middle layer of the heart wall is the
Myocardium
Inner layer of the heart wall
Endocardium
The right side of the heart collects blood and sends it to the lungs. This blood is ..
Deoxygenated
The left side of the heart collects blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body. This blood is ..
Oxygenated
The heart has __ chambers
4
The upper 2 chambers of the heart are the
Atria
The 2 lower chambers are the
Ventricles
The right and left chambers are separated by a wall called the
Septum
Contraction
Systole
Relaxation
Diastole
Vena cavas deposit ..
Deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
Right and left pulmonary veins
Carry oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs
Pulmonary veins deposit
Oxygenated blood into the left atrium
The largest Artery of the body
Aorta
Prevents backflow
Valves
What are the 4 major valves in the heart?
Tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral, pulmonary, aortic
Smaller branches from the coronary artery forming a web of interconnections are know as ___ that supply the heart with blood
Anastomoses
Cardiac muscle is ___ (not controlled by nerve impulses or hormones)
Autorhythmic
Specialized cells are called
Nodes
Pacemaker of heart
SA node
Back up; fires after SA node and at a slower rate
AV node
Normal adult heart rate
60-100 bpm
Heart rate under 60 bpm
Bradycardia
Heart rate above 100 bpm
Tachycardia
Normal adult blood pressure
120/80
140/90 or higher is
Hypertension
100/60 or lower
Hypotension
1st sound heard when taking bloop pressure is
Systolic
Last sound heard when taking blood pressure
Diastolic
3 subdivisions of the aorta
Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta
The left and right coronary arteries supply
Heart muscle
Left gastric artery supplies the
Stomach
Splenic artery supplies the
Spleen
Hepatic artery supplies the
Liver
The mesenteic artery supplies the
Intestine
Phrenic arteries - ?
Diaphragm
Renal arteries - ?
Kidneys
The thigh contains the __ artery
Femoral
Behind the knee is the __ artery
Popliteal
The lower leg breaks into the __ artery and the __ artery
Tibial and dorsalis pedis
The longest vein of the body
Saphenous vein
The largest vein is the
Superior vena cava
Hepatic portal vein enables blood to circulate through the
Liver
Superficial veins that have become swollen and ineffective
Varicose veins
Varicose vein in rectum
Hemorrhoid
Standing still or stoppage in normal blood flow
Stasis
Primary method for capillary exchange
Diffusion
Regulates blood flow into the capillary
Precapillary sphincter
Name three factors of shock
- Life threatening 2. Inadequate blood flow to tissues 3. Inadequate output by heart
Complication of heart muscle
Cardiogenic shock
Bacterial infection
Septic shock
Severe hemorrhage/burns
Hypovolemic shock
Severe allergic rxn
Anaphylactic shock
CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
AED
Automated external defibrillator
Depolarization of the atria is shown in the __ wave
P
Repolarization of ventricles is shown in the __ wave
T
A vein that drains blood from the arm
Brachial vein
Carry blood into the venules
Capillaries
How many tissue layers in the artery wall and vein wall
3
A branch of the abdominal aorta
Celiac artery
An abnormal difficult or bad rhythm
Dysrhythmia
Necrosis that has progressed to decay
Gangrene
A vein that drains blood from the stomach
Gastric vein
A vein that drains blood from the liver
Hepatic vein
A localized narrowing of the aortic arch
Coarctation
A surgical procedure performed to increase blood flow to the myocardium by using a section of a daphne nous vein or internal mammary artery to bypass the obstructed coronary artery
Coronary bypass
Vein that drains the head and neck
Jugular vein
A soft blowing or rasping sound by the heart
Murmur
Tissue death
Necrosis
Blood circulates through a second organ before returning to the heart
Portal system
Rapid throbbing or fluttering of the heart
Palpitation
A state of disruption of oxygen supply to the tissues and a return of blood to the heart; dangerous condition caused by inadequate output by the heart
Shock
A narrowing as of a valve opening
Stenosis
Outermost layer of arteries and veins
Tunica adventita
The structure that keeps blood moving forward in the heart
Valve
A wall or partition that separates a body space or cavity
Septum
Sudden servers attack such as a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel within the brain
Stroke
The fibrous sac that encloses the heart
Pericardium
Inflammation of veins
Phlebitis
Pertaining to attacks of choking or suffocation
Anginal
Angi
Vessel
Sten
Narrowing
Pain in the heart
Cardiodynia
Heart disease
Cardiopathy
Pertaining to heart and lungs
Cardiopulmonary
Pertaining to the heart and small blood vessels
Cardiovascular
Incision into a vein
Phlebotomy
Narrowing of vessels; lack of blood supply to an area
Ischemia
AV
Atrioventricular
CHD
Coronary heart disease
CHF
Congestive heart failure
ECG/ EKG
Electrocardiogram
Communication between two vessels
Anastomosis
Innermost layer of blood vessel
Endothelium
Vessels that drain into the right atrium of the heart
Vena cava
Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle
Coronary arteries
A vessel that travels under the clavicle and supplies the arm
Subclavian artery
The first vessel that branches from the aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery
A vessel that drains directly into the superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic vein
A bulging sac in the wall of a vessel
Aneurysm
Fatty material that accumulates in vessels
Plaque
Scientific name for a valve flap
Cusp
LA
Left atrium
LV
Left ventricle
MI
Myocardial infarction
MS
Mitral stenosis
OHS
Open heart surgery
RA
Right atrium
RV
Right ventricle
SA
Sinoatrial
SCD
Sudden cardiac death
Tachy
Rapid
Phlebo
Vein
What are the two functions of the cardiovascular system?
Transport nutrients and oxygen.
Remove co2 and waste products from cells
What artery supplies the heart muscle
Coronary artery
Two separate heart sounds that can be heard with the use of a stethoscope
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