Cardiovascular System 2 - Mod. 2 Flashcards
Which arteries supply a large proportion of the head and neck with blood?
The right and left common carotid arteries.
Where does the left common carotid artery originate?
It emerges from the arch of the aorta.
Where does the right common carotid artery originate?
It emerges from the right subclavian artery.
What do the common carotid arteries divide into?
They divide into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
It supplies the brain and eye.
What are the branches of the internal carotid artery? (3)
- Ophthalmic artery
- Anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
What does the external carotid artery supply?
It supplies the face and scalp.
What are the branches of the external carotid artery? (6)
- Facial artery
- Lingual artery
- Maxillary artery
- Occipital artery
- Superficial temporal artery
- Superior thyroid artery
Where do the vertebral arteries originate?
They are the first branch of the subclavian artery on both sides of the body.
What do the vertebral arteries supply?
They supply the cervical vertebrae, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
How do the vertebral arteries reach the brain?
They pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) and enter the skull via the foramen magnum.
What arteries form the circle of willis?
The branches of the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.
Where is the circle of willis located?
Around the pituitary gland and optic chiasm at the base of the brain.
What is the function of the circle of willis?
It provides an alternative route for blood flow if one artery supplying the brain becomes blocked or damaged.
This is a vital part of the brains circulation system.
What veins drain blood from the head and neck?
The internal and external jugular veins.
What do the internal and external jugular veins drain into?
They drain into the subclavian veins.
What is the function of the jugular and subclavian veins?
They are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the head and neck back to the heart.
What are the dural venous sinuses?
Multiple channels within the cranial cavity, located between the two layers of the dura mater.
What is the main function of the dural sinuses?
They represent the main pathway for returning venous blood from the brain into the circulation via the internal jugular vein.
What arteries supply blood to the upper limbs?
The branches of the subclavian arteries.
Where does the left subclavian artery originate?
It arises directly from the arch of the aorta.
Where does the right subclavian artery originate?
It arises from the brachiocephalic trunk/artery.
How are the axillary arteries formed?
They are formed once the subclavian arteries pass over the lateral border of the first rib.
How are the brachial arteries formed?
They are formed once the axillary arteries pass through the axilla
What do the axillary arteries supply?
They give off branches to the shoulder joint.
What do the brachial arteries supply?
They supply the flexors of the arm.
What do the brachial arteries divide into and where do they divide?
They divide in front of the elbow to become the radial and ulnar arteries.
Where does the ulnar artery travel, and what does it form?
It travels along the medial side of the arm to the wrist and forms the superficial palmar arch.
Where does the radial artery travel, and what does it form?
It travels along the radial (lateral) side of the arm to the wrist and forms the deep palmar arch.
What supplies blood to the hand?
The ulnar and radial arteries supply blood to the hand through the superficial and deep palmar arches.
Where does the basilic vein become deep?
It becomes deep around the mid-arm.
Where does the cephalic vein become deep?
It becomes deep around the upper forearm, in the deltopectoral groove.
What vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow?
The median cubital vein.
What are the three main superficial veins of the upper limb?
The cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins.
What arteries does the blood supply to the lower limbs originate?
The common iliac arteries, which are a direct continuation of the descending abdominal aorta.
What do the common iliac arteries divide into?
The internal iliac artery and the external iliac artery.
What areas do the internal iliac arteries supply?
The gluteal region, the pelvic muscles, and the external genitalia.
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? (2)
- Anterior trunk
- Posterior trunk
What do the external iliac arteries supply?
The entire lower limb.
How is the femoral artery formed?
It is formed when the external iliac artery passes under the inguinal ligament.
What is the function of the femoral artery?
It is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the lower body.
How is the popliteal artery formed?
It is formed when the femoral artery descends through the thigh and enters the knee.
What arteries supply blood to the foot?
The anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
What is the function of the long (great) saphenous vein?
It receives blood from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch in the foot and drains into the femoral vein.
Where does the long (great) saphenous vein ascend?
It ascends the medial aspect of the leg and thigh superficially to the femoral triangle.
What is the function of the short (small) saphenous vein?
It receives blood from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch in the foot and drains into the popliteal vein.
