Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the components of the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Heart, Blood and Blood Vessels

Question 2

What are the components of the pericardium?

Answer 2

Visceral, serous and Fibrous

Question 3

What is the pericardium?

Answer 3

A fibrous vessel that helps support the heart and place into its position

Question 4

Identify why the serous pericardium layer is required

Answer 4

It is required so that when the heart beats, it is able to move smoothly without stretching of fibers and keeping the heart in place

Question 5

What is the definition of visceral?

Answer 5

Internal organs - or attached to internal organs

Question 6

What are the two circuits of the human circulatory system

Answer 6

Pulmonary and Systemic

Question 7

What is the difference between Pulmonary and System circuits

Answer 7

Pulmonary- deliver oxygen and remove Co2. Systemic- deliver oxygen to working cells

Question 8

What are the components of the heart wall?

Answer 8

Epicardium, Myocardium and Endocardium

Question 9

How is oxygen and nutrients delivered to the blood?

Answer 9

Simple diffusion

Question 10

What are capillaries used for?

Answer 10

Oxygen and nutrients delivery, as well as removing waste

Question 11

How do multicellular organisms maximise diffusion?

Answer 11

By using a double pump

Question 12

What is systole?

Answer 12

Systole is when the left ventricle contracts.

Question 13

What is diastole?

Answer 13

Diastole is when the left ventricle relaxes.

Question 14

What do capillaries actually do?

Answer 14

Exchange material (eg. oxygen and other nutrients), regulates blood pressure and regulates thermoregulation.

Question 15

Unlike veins and arteries, capillaries work in?

Answer 15

Groups (capillary beds)

Question 16

Capillaries have two different ends in their capillary beds. What are they called?

Answer 16

Arteriole and Venal.

Question 17

What is an adaptation of the veins that helps push deoxygenated blood back into the heart (waste exchange from capillaries?)

Answer 17

Venous Valves.

Question 18

What do venous valves do?

Answer 18

It prevents blood from flowing in the opposite way to the heart, as the pressure in veins is very low.

Question 19

What are the three different capillaries?

Answer 19

Continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous or sinusoids.

Question 20

What are the differences between the three main capillaries?

Answer 20

1. Continuous has an intercellular cleft, basement membrane and tight junctions. 2. Fenestrated: Has pores and glycocalyx 3. Discontinuous or sinusoids: inconsistent basement membranes and leaky (also the largest in size).

Question 21

What is vascular resistance?

Answer 21

This is caused by the friction between blood and the vascular walls.

Question 22

What are the factors that vascular resistance depends on.

Answer 22

1. Lumen size in the vessel: the smaller the size, the higher the resistance. 2. Viscosity - higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance 3. length of the blood vessel: the longer the vessel, the higher the resistance.

Question 23

Velocity is the lowest in what part of the blood vessels?

Answer 23

Capillaries - because it has a higher cross section than other vessels.

Question 24

What is filtration driven by in the blood?

Answer 24

Blood hydrostatic pressure and Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.

Question 25

What is reabsorption driven by in the blood?

Answer 25

blood colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 26

What is the balance between filtration and reabsorption called?

Answer 26

Net filtration pressure -NFP