Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the components of the circulatory system?
Heart, Blood and Blood Vessels
What are the components of the pericardium?
Visceral, serous and Fibrous
What is the pericardium?
A fibrous vessel that helps support the heart and place into its position
Identify why the serous pericardium layer is required
It is required so that when the heart beats, it is able to move smoothly without stretching of fibers and keeping the heart in place
What is the definition of visceral?
Internal organs - or attached to internal organs
What are the two circuits of the human circulatory system
Pulmonary and Systemic
What is the difference between Pulmonary and System circuits
Pulmonary- deliver oxygen and remove Co2. Systemic- deliver oxygen to working cells
What are the components of the heart wall?
Epicardium, Myocardium and Endocardium
How is oxygen and nutrients delivered to the blood?
Simple diffusion
What are capillaries used for?
Oxygen and nutrients delivery, as well as removing waste
How do multicellular organisms maximise diffusion?
By using a double pump
What is systole?
Systole is when the left ventricle contracts.
What is diastole?
Diastole is when the left ventricle relaxes.
What do capillaries actually do?
Exchange material (eg. oxygen and other nutrients), regulates blood pressure and regulates thermoregulation.
Unlike veins and arteries, capillaries work in?
Groups (capillary beds)
Capillaries have two different ends in their capillary beds. What are they called?
Arteriole and Venal.
What is an adaptation of the veins that helps push deoxygenated blood back into the heart (waste exchange from capillaries?)
Venous Valves.
What do venous valves do?
It prevents blood from flowing in the opposite way to the heart, as the pressure in veins is very low.
What are the three different capillaries?
Continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous or sinusoids.
What are the differences between the three main capillaries?
- Continuous has an intercellular cleft, basement membrane and tight junctions. 2. Fenestrated: Has pores and glycocalyx 3. Discontinuous or sinusoids: inconsistent basement membranes and leaky (also the largest in size).
What is vascular resistance?
This is caused by the friction between blood and the vascular walls.
What are the factors that vascular resistance depends on.
- Lumen size in the vessel: the smaller the size, the higher the resistance. 2. Viscosity - higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance 3. length of the blood vessel: the longer the vessel, the higher the resistance.
Velocity is the lowest in what part of the blood vessels?
Capillaries - because it has a higher cross section than other vessels.
What is filtration driven by in the blood?
Blood hydrostatic pressure and Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
What is reabsorption driven by in the blood?
blood colloid osmotic pressure.
What is the balance between filtration and reabsorption called?
Net filtration pressure -NFP
