Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is plasma?
it is the liquid part of blood
Light yellowish coloiur
Its a diluted solution of water, salts, glucose, amino acids, antibodies, enzymes, vitamins, ect
What is the function of Plasma?
Plasma transports nutirents, hormones, ect, throughout the body.
It also removes waste products by bringing them to the liver, lungs, kidneys, or skin for removal of the waste
What are Platelets? (Thrombocytes)
They are plate like, and have no nuleus
What is the function of Platelets? (Thrombocytes)
They have chemicals that allow them to stick to cell wall vessels (and themselves)
They stick if there is damage to prevent bleeding.
Basically they group up to make a scab that stops you from bleeding out.
What are White blood cells? (Leukocytes)
They come in varous shapes, depending on their specific role in the immune system ans they contain a nucleus.
What is the function of white blood cells? (Leukocytes)
they are part of the immune system, If the cell is bigger than the foreign particle/bacteria ,they can basically eat it to kill it.
What are Red Blood Cells? (Erythrocytes)
They are a CONCAVE DISC (this shape allows for flexibility) and have NO nucleus
What is the function of Red Blood Cells?
They transport Oxygen to Tissues and Carbon Dioxide to Lungs.
Why are Red Blood Cells a CONCAVE DISC?
This concave shape increases surface area
They are flexible so they wont get stuck in capillaries, and they have the same diameter as the capillaries to increase gas exchange
what is Hemoglobin (in Red Blood Cells)?
The most imprtant component (protein) of red blood cells.
They are composed of 4 protein chains (2 alpha and 2 beta), each having a Heme group.
What are Heme groups? (in Hemoglobin rbc)
Heme groups contain a single iron atom, iron binds to oxygen (know as affinity)
Therefore: 1 RBC has 4 Heme groups which means 4 molocules of oxygen.
why is carbon dioxide piosinous?
Because it has a higher affinity, which means it has an easier time attaching to hemoglobin, replacing oxygen, depriving the body of o2.
what are Blood Vessels?
Blood vessels are channels / tubes that carry blood throughout your body.
What is the “Lumen” in blood vessles
Basically the hollow part or opening of the blood vessles
what are arteries?
They have a small in diameter lumen
and a thick, elastic muscle layer to withstand high pressure coming from the heart.
What is the function of Arteries?
They take blood away from the heart
What are Veins?
they have larger diameter lumen and are less elastic and thinner, they also contain valves to prevent backflow
What is the function of veins?
They bring blood back towards the heart
What are capillaries
They are the smallest vessle, their diameter allows for only ONE RBS to fit though.
one cell thick (allow diffustion)
What is the function of capillaries?
The capillaries are the sight of internal gas exchange and the diffution of nutrents and waste betweeen cells and blood streem.
Why do capillaries only allow for one RBC to fit though?
To allow RBC to create pressure against the capillary walls, allowing for easier diffustion
Gas Exchange: Lungs to Capillaries
Oxygen diffuses into capillaries from alveoli
and carbon dioxide diffuses out from the capillaires into alveoli.
Gas Exchange: Tissue to Capillaries
oxygen diffuess from capillaries into tissues
and carbon dioxide diffuses out of tisues
What are the two types of Circulation
Pulmonary and Systimatic
What is pulmonary circulation?
Blood flow through the heart to the lungs for gas exchange
What is systimatic Circulation?
Blood flow from the heart to the body to supply tissues with oxygen, nutirents, and it helps with the removal of waste.
Why does the heart need vavles?
to prevent blood flowing in the wrong direction (prevents backflow)
What are heart valves?
Flaps of tissue that come together to sperate sections of the heart.
What are differences with the left and right ventricle?
The muscle around the left venticle is thicker than the right
The left venticle is pumping blood to the entire boy, while the right is pumping to the lungs.
What is the purpose of the spetum?
Prevents exygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing together
What is the septum?
Thick muscular wall that seperates left and right side of the heart.
Electical Conduction of the Heart.
(what causes the heart to beat)
- an electical signal starts in SA node and spreads through the walls of the atria.
This causes them to contract - An AV node delays the signal, giving the atria time ti contract before the ventricles do.
- His-purkinje Network, is the pathway of fibers that send an impulse to the muscular walls of the ventricles.
This causes them to contract from the apex, forcing blood out og the heart
