Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Radial artery location?
Between tendon of flexor carpi radialis and tendon of brachioradialis
Ulnar artery location?
Between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachial artery location?
Medial to biceps tendon
Middle third of humerus into the medial bicipital groove
Common carotid artery location?
Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Lateral border of the thyroid cartilage
detect CHARACTER and VOLUME
Apex beat location?
5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line
Displaced apex beat?
Cardiomegaly
Absent apex beat in 5th ICS MCL?
Pericardial effusion
Obesity
Pleural effusion
Emphysema
Parasternal heave?
Precordial impulse that can be palpated
Place heal of hand parallel to left sternal edge
If present (with each systole), associated with right ventricular hypertrophy
Thrill?
Palpable vibration caused by turbulent blood flow through a heart valve (palpable murmur)
Assess across each heart valve
Aortic valve location?
Right sternalborder, 2nd ICS
Pulmonary valve location?
Left sternal border, 2nd ICS
Tricuspid valve location?
Left 5th costo-sternal border
Mitral valve location?
Left 5th ICS at apex beat
USE BELL OF STETHESCOPE
Causes of ejection systolic murmur?
Aortic stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic sclerosis
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Atrial septal defect
Aortic stenosis accentuation manoeuvres?
Auscultate carotid arteries using diaphragm whilst patient HOLDS BREATH
Radiation of an ejection systolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation accentuation manoeuvres?
Sit patient forwards and auscultation over aortic area with diaphragm during EXPIRATION
Early diastolic murmur
Left lateral decubitus position (LLDP)
To accentuate mitral valve regurgitation and mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation accentuation manoeuvres?
LLDP
Mitral area
Pansystolic murmur during EXPIRATION
Auscultate into axilla to identify radiation of murmur
Use diaphragm of stethoscope
Mitral stenosis accentuation manoeuvres?
Use BELL, auscultate mitral area
During EXPIRATION
Mid-diastolic murmur
LLDP
Palpation of lower limb arteries?
Femoral artery
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial artery
Popliteal artery
Femoral pulse location?
Mid-inguinal point
Between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis
Popliteal pulse?
Inferior region of popliteal fossa
Thumb on tibial tuberosity
Passively flex knee to 30 degrees, curl fingers into popliteal fossa
Compress popliteal artery against the tibia
Posterior tibial pulse?
Posterior to medial malleolus of tibia
Dorsal Pedis pulse?
On dorsum of foot, lateral extensor hallucis longus tendon, over the second, and third cuneiform bones
Right upper border of heart?
3rd costal cartilage, 1cm from sternal edge
Right lower border
6th costal cartilage, 1cm from sternal edge
Left upper border
2nd intercostal space, 2.5cm from sternal edge
Left lower border?
5th ICS, mid-clavicular line
Superficial temporal artery
In front of tragus of ear - vessel is terminal branch of external carotid artery
Subclavian artery?
In supraclavicular fossa region, at angle between clavicle and sternocleidomastoid
Aortic dissection type A and B?
Type A - severe chest pain, anterior and posterior
Type B - present with back pain, followed by chest and abdo pain
Which view of the heart do electrodes V1 and V2 correspond to?
Septal view of the heart
Which view of the heart do electrodes V3 and V4 correspond to?
Anterior view of the heart
Which view of the heart do electrodes V5 and V6 correspond to?
Lateral view of the heart
Which view of the heart do leads I, aVR and AVL correspond to?
Lateral view
Which view of the heart do leads II, III and aVF correspond to?
Inferior view
