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1.2 Human Biology > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

what 3 components make up the cardiovascular system

A

the heart, blood vessels, blood

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2
Q

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A

nutrient and waste transport, oxygen and co2 transport, temperature maintenance, hormone circulation

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3
Q

discuss the flow of blood to and from the lungs

A

from the lungs the blood enters the left side of the heart and is pumped around the body. after oxygen is deposited to cells, the blood returns to the right of the heart which pumps it to the lungs.

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4
Q

how does blood help with temperature maintenance

A

blood distributes heat around the body- when blood passes through vessels close to skin it releases heat- cooling effect. hypothalamus regulates body temp + vaso dilation/constriction

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5
Q

how does blood help with hormone circulation

A

hormones are secreted into the bloodstream which carries them to the target tissues

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6
Q

what weight is the heart

A

250 to 350 grams approx

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7
Q

what is pericardium

A

a double walled protective sac

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8
Q

what are the two components of pericardium

A

parietal (superficial) and visceral (inner)

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9
Q

what lies between the two layers of pericardium

A

pericardial fluid

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10
Q

what is the function of pericardium

A

physical knocks, shocks, infection

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11
Q

what are the three layers of the heart called?

A

epicardium (epithelial tissue), myocardium (muscle tissue), endocardium (endothelium)

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12
Q

what are the 4 valves in the heart

A

two atrioventricular (AV) valves which are between the atria and ventricles. Mitral valve (bicuspid valve) is on the left side while the tricuspid valve is on the right side. Semi-lunar valve which are in the aorta and pulmonary artery.

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13
Q

describe the structure of an artery

A

3 layers of tissue + hollow core (lumen). Tunica interna (endothelium), tunica media (elastic + smooth muscle), tunica externa (connective tissue).

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14
Q

what is unusual about pulmonary veins?

A

they carry oxygenated blood

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15
Q

function of atrioventricular valve

A

prevent blood backflow into atrium

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16
Q

what are the first arteries from the aorta

A

coronary arteries- bring blood to heart itself

17
Q

what are the carotid arteries

A

bring blood to neck and head

18
Q

what do the subclavian arteries do

A

bring blood to the shoulders and arms

19
Q

what brings blood to the legs

A

femoral arteries

20
Q

what is the sinoatrial node

A

cluster of cardiac cells- regulate heart contraction- sends out automatic impulses which initiate heartbeats- causes the atria to contract simultaneously + excites the AV node

21
Q

where does the AV node conduct impulse to

A

muscle in the septum

22
Q

what nerve fibres initiate contraction in the left + right ventricles

A

purkinje fibres

23
Q

what is a heart murmur

A

a sloshing sound that occurs when valves do not operate correctly- pig valves may be used to combat this

24
Q

what is ventricular diastole

A

when the ventricles relax- contraction of the atria

25
Q

Explain “lub dub” sounds of the heart

A

Lub - closing of the AV valve, start of ventricular contraction
Dub - closing pulmonary & aortic semilunar valves - end of ventricular contraction

26
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Force exerted by blood on artery walls

27
Q

What is the diastolic pressure?

A

Atria filling & contracting - pressure decreases slightly -ventricular diastole

28
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Contraction of ventricles - higher pressure - ventricular systole

29
Q

Normal bp?

A

120 mmHg / 80mmHg

30
Q

Explain the electrocardiogram

A

Electrical events if normal heartbeat - P wave before atrial contraction - QRS complex 0.2 seconds later (ventricles contract) - final event T wave - may identify arrhythmia

31
Q

What is the P wave?

A

Activation of atria

32
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

Activation of the ventricle

33
Q

What is the T wave?

A

Recovery wave

1.2 Human Biology (17 decks)

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