Cardiovascular System

Question 1

what day is the primary heart field formed

Answer 1

16 - 18 days

Question 2

what is the vitelline veins associated with

Answer 2

yolk sac

Question 3

how is the blood taken to the rest of the body

Answer 3

umbilical arteries and placenta

Question 4

umbilical veins

Answer 4

oxygenated blood to the heart from the placenta

Question 5

whats on the outside of the heart

Answer 5

pericardial cavity

Question 6

what is the enocardium repsonible for

Answer 6

lining of the blood vessels
endothelial lining

Question 7

what is the function of the epicardium
what is it from

Answer 7

visceral serous pericardium
lubricate to help allow movement

Question 8

what does the enocardial tube connect to

Answer 8

dorsal mesocardium that attaches to the posterior wall of the embryo

Question 9

what does the sinus venous have

Answer 9

left and right horns to allow blood in

Question 10

where do SHF originate

Answer 10

from the mesoderm near the developing pharyngeal region

Question 11

proximal and distal outflow tract and right ventricle are derived from what

Answer 11

SFH cells

Question 12

what does the sinus venosus do

Answer 12

smooth part of the right atrium
coronary sinus
oblique vein of the left atrium

Question 13

what is the bublus cordia make

Answer 13

trabeculated part of the right ventricle and the outflow parts of the ventricles

Question 14

what day does the heart begin to loop and fold

Answer 14

day 23

Question 15

what is the distal outflow tract

Answer 15

truncus arteriosus

Question 16

what is the proximal outflow tract

Answer 16

conus arteriosus

Question 17

how does septation of the AV canal occur

Answer 17

four endocardial cusions
the dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions grow and fuse
separating the canals into a left and right AV canal
split into left and right side of the heart

Question 18

what day does this finish

Answer 18

35

Question 19

what happens to the spetum prinum

Answer 19

a hole forms called the formane secundum to allow blood through

Question 20

what does the septum secondum have

Answer 20

formen ovale

Question 21

how does blood vircualte the heart

Answer 21

right coming from oxygen rich placenta (from sinus verinsousis) out of the arota to the rest of the features

Question 22

what integrates into the right atrial wall (be specific)

Answer 22

right horn of the sinus venosus

Question 23

what is the left atrium smooth

Answer 23

proutsion of the pulmonary vein gives contribution to the left wall itself

Question 24

what forms the spiral fashion of the outflow tracts

Answer 24

endocardial derived outflow tract cushions

Question 25

what aids this process
what can they stimaulte

Answer 25

migrating neural crest cells
growth of the pulmonary spetum

Question 26

what unites to form the division

Answer 26

muscular ventricular septum

Question 27

what does migration of the neural crest cells influence

Answer 27

formation of the outflow trct

Question 28

what are the two types of closure

Answer 28

functional closure
anatomical remodelling

Question 29

functional closure - decrease in what

Answer 29

prostaglanids

Question 30

functional closure - increase

Answer 30

oxygen levels

Question 31

functional closure decrease in

Answer 31

decrease pulmonary vasuclsar resistance so blood can go to the lungs

Question 32

anatomical remodelling - what thickens

Answer 32

SMC walls thicken

Question 33

anatomical remodelling - increase

Answer 33

nutrient diffusion distance

Question 34

anatomical remodelling degradation of what

Answer 34

elastic lamina

Question 35

anatomical remodelling thickending causes what

Answer 35

intimal thickening blocks lumen

Question 36

anatomical remodelling apoptosisi

Answer 36

apotsis and remodelling of DA