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Bio Exam 3 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

Moves O2 into and CO2 out of the body

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2
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Transports materials to and from all other systems

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3
Q

Digestive system function:

A

transforms food into a form that can be transported throughout the body

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4
Q

Urinary System function:

A

filters bodily fluids removes waste while conserving water and other materials

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5
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system is to:

A 
transport blood containing:
 Nutrients
 Waste
 Hormones
 Immune cells
 Oxygen
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6
Q

Cardiovascular System consists of three

components:

A
  1. Blood
  2. The heart, which pumps blood.
  3. The blood vessels, through which blood flows.
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7
Q

Arteries carry:

A

Carry blood away from heart

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8
Q

Carotid arteries Deliver:

A

Deliver blood to the head and the brain

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9
Q

Coronary arteries deliver:

A

Deliver blood to the heart muscle cells

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10
Q

Iliac artery deliver:

A

Delivers blood to pelvic organs and abdominal wall

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11
Q

Aorta delivers:

A

Delivers blood to the body tissues

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12
Q

Pulmonary arteries deliver:

A

Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

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13
Q

Renal artery delivers

A

Delivers blood to the kidney

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14
Q

Radial artery delivers:

A

Delivers blood to the hand

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15
Q

Femoral artery delivers:

A

Delivers blood to thigh and inner knee

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16
Q

Veins carry:

A

Carry blood back to the heart

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17
Q

Superior vena cava carries:

A

Carries blood from the upper body back to the heart

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18
Q

Renal vein carries:

A

Carries blood from the kidney to the heart

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19
Q

Radial vein carries:

A

Carries blood from the hand back to the heart

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20
Q

Femoral vein carries:

A

Carries blood from the thigh and inner knee back to the heart

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21
Q

Jugular veins carry:

A

Carry blood from head to the heart

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22
Q

Pulmonary veins carry

A

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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23
Q

Inferior vena cava carries:

A

Carries blood from the lower body back to the heart

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24
Q

Iliac vein carries:

A

Carries blood from the pelvic organs and abdominal wall back to the heart

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25
Q

Blood vessels are lined with ________

A

epithelial cells

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26
Q

Blood Vessels have a layer of smooth muscles that _____ or _____ the vessels

A

contract or dilate

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27
Q

Blood vessels are covered with a layer of _________

A

connective tissue

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28
Q

Inside the blood vessels is called the ________

A

lumen

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29
Q

Vasoconstriction is when :

A

When muscle contracts and the diameter of

the lumen narrows, reducing blood flow

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30
Q

Vasodilation is :

A

When muscle relaxes and the diameter of

the lumen increases, increasing blood flow

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31
Q

The upper chamber of the heart are:

A

Atria

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32
Q

lower chamber of the heart is:

A

ventricles

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33
Q

oxygen poor blood returning from the body goes into the :

A

Right Atrium

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34
Q

Anything leaving the heart is a _____ (vein/artery)

A

Artery

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35
Q

Arteries are _____ (oxygen rich/oxygen poor)

A

Oxygen rich

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36
Q

Arteries are _____ (oxygen rich/oxygen poor)

A

Oxygen rich

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37
Q

In the pulmonary circuit you can’t say arteries are always oxygen rich because the arteries in this circuit are ______ because it is going to the lungs and the veins are oxygen rich because they are coming from the lungs

A

oxygen poor

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38
Q

Arteries always go ______ from the heart

Veins always go _____ from the heart

A

away

Towards

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39
Q 
What epithelial tissue lines blood vessels?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified 
squamous
A

A. Simple squamous

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40
Q

What kind of junctions prevents fluid from
leaking between cells, into other tissues?
A. Gap
B. Tight
C. Adhesion

A

B. Tight

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41
Q 
What is the function of simple squamous 
epi?
A. Absorption and 
secretion
B. diffusion
A

B. diffusion

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42
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A 
 Arteries
 Arterioles
 Capillaries
 Venules
 Veins
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43
Q

In what order does blood flow in the blood vessels?

A 
Heart
artery
arteriole
capillary
venule
vein
heart
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44
Q

_______ Always carry blood away from the

heart and usually carry O2-rich blood.

A

Arteries

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45
Q

_______ Always returns blood to the heart

and usually carry O2-poor blood.

A

Veins

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46
Q

Arteries break down into smaller vessels called

_______

A

arterioles

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47
Q

Arteries break down into smaller vessels called

Arterioles which _______

A

bring O2, water, and nutrients to the

tissues

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48
Q

Arterioles break down into small vessels called

________

A

capillaries

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49
Q

Blood leaves the capillaries and enters______

A

venules

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50
Q

________ take CO2, water, and wastes away from

the tissues.

A

Venules

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51
Q

Venules join together to form ________

A

veins

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52
Q

There are _____ muscles that contract to reduce blood flow to the capillaries

A

sphincter

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53
Q

Small vessels are called ______-

A

capillaries

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54
Q

It is in the capillaries that components______, _______, _____, and _____ can pass from the blood
vessels to other tissues

A

(O2, CO2, nutrients, waste)

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55
Q

True or False:

Capillaries do not have a smooth muscle layer

A

True

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56
Q

Gas can freely pass through the plasma membrane

  1. True
  2. False
A
  1. True
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57
Q

In the capillaries, The ________ stay in the blood vessels but the
_______ leaves the RBCs and the capillaries and goes into the tissues.

A

RBCs, oxygen

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58
Q

In capillaries the oxygen leaves the capillaries because
there is a gradient – there is _____ oxygen in
the capillaries than in the tissues.

A

More

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59
Q

Blood flow in capillaries is ________

A

slow

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60
Q

Why is slow blood flow in the capillaries important?

A

This is important because it allows time for the exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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61
Q

Do RBCs leave the capillaries?

  1. Yes
  2. No
A
  1. No
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62
Q

At the ________ end of the capillaries blood
pressure forces fluid out of the capillary and into
the tissue

A

arterial

63
Q

At the venous end, ________ draws fluid

back into the vessel from the tissue

A

osmotic pressure

64
Q

______ is the pressure that draws gasses

across the capillary

A

Diffusion

65
Q

Aorta is the ________

A

largest artery.

66
Q

Arterioles are :

A

smallest arteries (whether constricted or dilated affects blood pressure)

67
Q

Arterioles , whether constricted or dilated affects _______

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

68
Q

Capillaries are:

A

smallest vessels (where nutrient and wastes are exchanged)

69
Q

Vena cava are:

A

largest veins in the body.

70
Q

Venules are:

A

smallest veins

71
Q

The heart is composed of four chambers and lies almost in the center of the thoracic cavity, what are they:

A

 Two atria—thin-walled upper chambers that
serve as reservoirs for blood.
 Two ventricles—thick-walled lower chambers
powering the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

72
Q

Two atria are thin-walled upper chambers that

serve as _______

A

reservoirs for blood.

73
Q

Two ventricles are thick-walled lower chambers

powering the _________

A

pulmonary and systemic circuits

74
Q

Septum—separates _________

A

right and left sides of the heart

75
Q

Two atrioventrical valves (AV) — between _____
& ________, making a “LUB” sound when
closing.

A

atria & ventricles,

76
Q

Two atrioventrical valves (AV) making a ________ sound when

closing.

A

“LUB”

77
Q

Two semilunar vales (SL) are the base of _______

A

major arteries

78
Q

Two semilunar vales make a _______ sound when closing.

A

“DUB”

79
Q

Pericardium is _______

A

thick membranous sac surrounding the heart (secretes serous

fluid).

80
Q

Myocardium function:

A

consists of cardiac muscle tissue, which contracts to pump

blood.

81
Q

The interior of the heart is lined by ______

A

endocardium

82
Q 
What epithelial tissue lines the heart?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified 
squamous
A

A. Simple squamous

83
Q

What is the pathway of blood to the heart:

A
  1. Superior and Inferior vena cava (O2-poor) to the Right Atrium.
  2. R Atrium to the Tricuspid AV valve to the Right Ventricle.
  3. R Ventricle to the Pulmonary SL valve to the Pulmonary Arteries to the Lungs.
  4. Pulmonary veins (O2-rich) to the Left Atrium.
  5. L Atrium to the Mitral AV valve to the Left Ventricle.
  6. L Ventricle to the Aortic SL valve to the Aorta to the rest
    of the body tissues.
84
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

Cardiac cycle - one complete heart beat
where both atria contract simultaneously (at
the same time) followed by both ventricles
contracting simultaneously.

85
Q

_______ is when ventricles contract and pump

blood out of the heart.

A

Systole

86
Q

________when ventricles relax and receive

blood from atria.

A

Diastole

87
Q 
What valves are between the right atria and 
the right ventricle
A. Mitral av valve
B. Tricuspid av valve
C. Aortic SL valve
D. Pulmonary SL 
valve
A

B. Tricuspid av valve

88
Q 
What valve is between the right ventricle and 
the pulmonary artery?
A. Mitral AV valve
B. Tricuspid AV valve
C. Aortic SL valve
D. Pulmonary SL valve
A

D. Pulmonary SL valve

89
Q 
What valve is between the left atria and the 
left ventricle?
A. Mitral AV valve
B. Tricuspid AV valve
C. Aortic SL valve
D. Pulmonary SL 
valve
A

A. Mitral AV valve

90
Q

When the ventricles contract, which valves are closed?

  1. AV valves
  2. SL valves
A
  1. AV valves
91
Q

When the ventricles relax, which valves are open?

  1. AV valves
  2. SL valves
A
  1. AV valves
92
Q

During ventricle contraction the AV valves will _____ and the SL valves will ______

A

closed, open

93
Q

As the heart pumps blood into the arteries, they expand such that one is able to feel a _______

A

pulse

94
Q

The pulse rate is the same as the ______

A

heart rate

95
Q

Systolic is when _______

A

the ventricles contract, sending blood into the arteries

96
Q

Diastolic is when _________

A

the heart relaxes between beats

97
Q

Which blood pressure would be the highest:

  1. systolic
  2. diastolic
A
  1. systolic
98
Q

Blood flow in the arteries is from ________

A

the blood pressure due to the heart pumping.

99
Q

The blood pressure in veins is very________

A

low

100
Q

Blood flow in veins is dependent upon:

A
  1. Skeletal muscle contraction
  2. One-way valves
  3. Respiratory movements
101
Q

Muscle contraction squeezes the vein, pushing _________

A

blood through the open valve toward the heart.

102
Q

Skeletal muscles relax, and blood fills the ______ and ______ them.

A

valves, closes

103
Q

Pulmonary circuit is the :

A

flow of blood from the heart, to the lungs and back to the heart, powered by the right ventricle.

104
Q

Systemic circuit is the :

A

flow of blood through the rest of the body, powered by the left ventricle.

105
Q

In the pulmonary circuit, Pulmonary arteries carry ________

A

O2-poor blood to the lungs.

106
Q

In the pulmonary Circuit Pulmonary veins carry _________

A

O2-rich blood from lungs to the left atrium.

107
Q

In the Systemic circuit Aorta carries :

A

O2-rich blood to all body tissues.

108
Q

In the systemic circuit Vena cava returns _______ to the ______

A

O2-poor blood to the right atrium.

109
Q

Renal circuit - supplies blood to the _______

A

kidneys.

110
Q

Hepatic portal circuit - supplies blood to _______

A

the digestive organs especially the liver.

111
Q

The coronary circuit supplies blood to:

A

 Supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.

112
Q

Coronary arteries branch off the ______

A

aorta.

113
Q

Coronary arteries can become clogged

and ______ may be necessary.

A

by-pass surgery

114
Q

Coronary veins ______ blood to the heart

A

return

115
Q 
The renal circuit supplies blood to the:
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Digestive system
D. Urinary bladder
A

B. Kidneys

116
Q

This pressure draws fluid back into the capillaries

  1. Blood Pressure
  2. Osmotic Pressure
  3. Diffusion
A
  1. Osmotic Pressure
117
Q

This pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries

  1. Blood Pressure
  2. Osmotic Pressure
  3. Diffusion
A
  1. Blood Pressure
118
Q

Blood flow in veins is dependent upon: one way valves, respiratory
movements and:
1. Smooth muscle
2. Skeletal muscle

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
119
Q

When ventricles relax and receive blood from atria it is:

  1. Systole
  2. Diastole
A
  1. Diastole
120
Q

The pulmonary circuit is the only place where arteries are going to be oxygen _____ and veins are oxygen ______

A

oxygen poor, oxygen rich

121
Q

In the system circuit arteries are oxygen ____ and veins are oxygen ____

A

rich, poor

122
Q

High blood pressure is also called ______

A

hypertension

123
Q

90% of high blood pressure has _______

A

no known cause.

124
Q

High Blood Pressure can be caused by _____ not being able to balance the ________. Increased fluid in blood increases blood pressure

A

kidney, sodium concentration

125
Q

high blood pressure causes the :

A

heart to work too hard, leads to heart failure, kidney problems, blood vessel problems and death.

126
Q

Hypertension prevention includes:

A

lower salt intake, lose weight, exercise, and stop smoking.

127
Q

Atherosclerosis is a ________

A

narrowing of the arteries due to fatty deposits and thickening of the wall

128
Q

Atherosclerosis Can lead to ______ or _______

A

heart attack or stroke

129
Q

When Atherosclerosis occurs in the arteries of the heart

muscle, it is called ______

A

coronary artery disease

130
Q

Heart attack is also known as_______

A

myocardial infraction

131
Q

Heart muscle dies because of an insufficient blood supply during a heart attack (myocardial infarction) and is gradually replaced by _______

A

scar tissue

132
Q

Scar tissue cannot _________ so part of the heart permanently loses its ______ ability

A

contract, pumping

133
Q

Thromboembolism is :

A

a clot that has been carried in the bloodstream but is now stationary.

134
Q

Thromboembolism Can result in a ______

A

stroke

135
Q

Stroke is a _______

A

cranial arteriole bursts or is blocked, reducing blood supply to an area of the brain.

136
Q

What is the end result of a stroke?

A

The result is that a portion of the brain
dies, and may result in paralysis or
death.

137
Q

Aneurysm is :

A

weak spot in a blood vessel

where it balloons out and may rupture

138
Q

Aneurysm can cause:

A

May cause a stroke if in the brain or

death if in aorta

139
Q 
Which disorder is due to a clot that has 
become stationary?
A. Aneurysm
B. Thromboembolism
C. coronary artery 
blockage
D. myocardial 
infarction
A

B. Thromboembolism

140
Q 
Which disorder is due to weak spot in a 
blood vessel?
A. Aneurysm
B. Thromboembolism
C. coronary artery 
blockage
D. myocardial 
infarction
A

A. Aneurysm

141
Q

The blood supply to the kidneys is the:

  1. Hepatic portal circuit
  2. Renal circuit
  3. Cardiac circuit
A
  1. Renal circuit
142
Q

Lymphatic system is :

A

system that takes

excess tissue fluid to the subclavian veins.

143
Q

The Lymphatic System Functions:

A
  1. Return interstitial fluid from tissues to the
    blood stream
  2. Transport products of fat digestion using
    lacteals
  3. Defend the body against disease-causing
    organisms and abnormal cells
144
Q

In the lymphatic system ______ muscles and valves keep fluid
moving

A

Skeletal

145
Q

Components of the Lymphatic System: (there are 3)

A

 Lymph
 lymphatic vessels – including lacteals
 lymphoid organs.

146
Q

Lymph nodes function:

A

cleanse lymph of debris and
pathogens and store lymphocytes and
macrophages to fight infection.

147
Q

Spleen function:

A

cleanses the blood, remove old

blood cells.

148
Q

Red bone marrow functions:

A

produces both B cells

and T cells.

149
Q

Thymus gland function:

A

where T cells mature.

150
Q

Tonsils function:

A 
function to recognize infectious 
agents entering the body.
151
Q

These vessels always carry blood away from the heart

  1. Arteries
  2. veins
A
  1. Arteries
152
Q 
What are the small blood vessels where the oxygen transfers into the 
tissues and carbon dioxide is taken up
1. Arterioles
2. Venules
3. Capillaries
4. Lacteals
A
  1. Capillaries
153
Q 
What are the small lymphatic vessels where the fat is absorbed from the 
digestive tract
1. Arterioles
2. Venules
3. Capillaries
4. Lacteals
A
  1. Lacteals
154
Q

The smallest vessels in your lymphatic system are called:

A

Lacteals

Bio Exam 3 (3 decks)

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