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cardiorehabilitation > cardiovascular system 1 - assessment part of PT2 > Flashcards

cardiovascular system 1 - assessment part of PT2 Flashcards

1
Q

the heart has 5 chambered
true or false?

A

false, 4

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2
Q

what kind of muscle is the myocardium?

A

straited muscle

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3
Q

The cavities forming the
right side of the heart
have two important
functions
what are they?

A
  1. It collects blood from the
    body.
  2. Ventilate the blood with
    the pulmonary circulation
    and send it to the lungs
    to clean it.
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4
Q

how the heart is separated into the right and left parts ?

A

by septum

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5
Q

located outside the
heart. It prevents the return of blood to the
heart during regeneration (regurgitation)

what is it?

A

Semilunar caps

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6
Q

what are the atrioventricular caps?

A

tricuspid between the right atrium and the right ventricular

mitral or bicuspid between left atrium and left ventricular

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7
Q

Right after atrial contraction, the ventricles contract
true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

how much the heart caps remain closed?

A

0.02-0.06 seconds

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9
Q

what is the isometric phase?

A

ventricular pressure increases and
exceeds arterial pressure, blood is
removed from the heart

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10
Q

the heart volume and fiber length are increased during isometric phase
true or false?

A

false, not changed

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11
Q

The blood pumped from the left
ventricle to the muscular aorta is
distributed to the body with small
arteries called?

A

arterioles

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12
Q

how the walls of the smooth muscles in the arterioles are placed?

A

as a circular layers

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13
Q

Arterioles regulate peripheral blood flow through?

A

contraction and relaxation

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14
Q

A blood flow enters the aorta with every contraction
of the?

A

left ventricle

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15
Q

Some of the blood pumped from the heart is stored
in?

A

aorta

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16
Q

what causes a pressure wave to reach distant branches of the arterial down from the aorta?

A

stored blood in the aorta

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17
Q

Heart pulsation and heart rate are the same.
true or false?

A

true

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18
Q

120 mmHg at rest is related to which measurement?

A

The maximum pressure on the heart during each systole or contraction of the left ventricle

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19
Q

what is the reference point used to determine the maximum pressure of contraction of left ventricle?

A

brachial artery at the level of the right atrium

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20
Q

blood pressure is decreased, and heart is filled with blood and the heart is relaxed in?

A

diastolic pressure

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21
Q

contraction of heart, blood pressure rises, and blood moves along vessels in?

A

systolic pressure

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22
Q

which pressure gives an idea
about the load of the heart and its
tension against the arterial wall
during ventricular contraction?

A

sytocilic

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23
Q

When the heart relaxes, the aortic
vessels?

A

close

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24
Q

the arterial blood pressure
drops to 70-80 mmHg in?

A

diastolic pressure

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25
Q

what is The mean systolic and diastolic pressure for young adults?

A

120-80 mmhg

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26
Q

what shows the
average force applied to
the arterial wall of the
blood throughout the entire
cardiac cycle?

A

Mean arterial pressure

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27
Q

what is precapillary
sphincter?

A

diameter of the capillary
opening is controlled by a smooth
muscle ring

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28
Q

Blood from the upper and lower half of the
body is pumped into the lungs through the ?

A

pulmonary artery

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29
Q

state when the blood pressure reaches the average and when it reaches zero?

A

reaches the average at the end of the arterioles of the capillaries= 30 mmhg

blood reaches dropped down to zero at the right atrium.

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30
Q

why The walls of the veins may be
less enlarged?

A

Because the venous system works with low pressure

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31
Q

how much, the venous system contains of the total blood volume at rest?

A

65%

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32
Q

inability of the blood flow to
resist gravity especially in the vertical veins of the lower extremities is?

A

varicose vein

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33
Q

The amount of blood
pumped from the left ventricle in 1
min is?

A

cardiac output

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34
Q

what is the resting heart rate?

A

5 L / min

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35
Q

Cardiac output= Heart Rate x Stroke
Volume
true or false?

A

true

36
Q

how much stroke volume is less in women than men?

A

25%

37
Q

Maximum stroke volume is achieved in 40-50% of VO2max
true or false?

A

true

38
Q

increase Diastolic filling
& Sistolic ejaculation are related to?

A

stroke volume

39
Q

what is the Starling’s law?

A

Ability to adapt heart to different
blood quantities
and, Relationship between contraction force & resting length
of muscle fibers

40
Q

what is the cardiac output to the muscles during rest and exercise at rest?

A

at rest= 1000 ml
at exercise= 21000 ml

41
Q

there is greater resistance to blood
flow in upper extremities than in the lower extremities
true or false?

A

true

42
Q

more dystolic
pressure is required for blood flow to the arms during exercise
true or false?

A

false, sytosolic

43
Q

more dystolic
pressure is required for blood flow to the arms during exercise
true or false?

A

false, systolic

44
Q

The largest volumes of blood flow in
the left coronary artery feed a small
portion of the

A

left atrium and ventricle
and right ventricle.

45
Q

The right coronary artery mostly feeds the?

A

right atrium and the ventricle

46
Q

At rest, normal blood flow in the
myocardium is ?

A

200-250 mL per
minute

47
Q

coronary blood
flow is approximately 2.5 times higher than in diastole during systole true or false?

A

true

48
Q

heart is aerobically limited in
energy generation
true or false?

A

false, anaerobically

49
Q

The heart provides almost all of
its energy from aerobic reactions
true or false?

A

true

50
Q

what is the primary
source of ATP resorption in the heart?

A

lipid catabolism

51
Q

what is the double product for Determination of Myocardial job?

A

⚫ The development of tension of
myocardium and contractility
⚫ heart rate

52
Q

Double product= Systolic blood
pressure x heart rate
true or false?

A

true

53
Q

A higher double product is obtained in lower extremity exercises than in
resistance training and arm exercises
true or ffalse?

A

false, the opposite

54
Q

Observation
History
Main complaints
are objective assessments
true or false?

A

false, subjective

55
Q

what are the objective assessments?

A

Inspection, palpation: Skin, inflammation

Structure and function/Neurological disturbances
Activity evaluation
Participation evaluation
Endurance/cardiopulmonary state assessment
Special tests (STREAM: the stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement scale)

56
Q

Bed mobility
Transfers
Mobility with wheelchair
Ambulation
are related to?

A

Assessment of disability

57
Q

what are Acute Term Precautions?

A

Positioning
Edema control
Family education
Orthosis
Prevention of hemiplegic side neglect
Chest PTR

58
Q

If the patient is stable, exercises start within ?

A

first 48 hrs

59
Q

In hemorrhages, resorbtion of the bleeding is waited!
(approximately 3-10 days)
true or false?

A

false, 7-10 days

60
Q

in positioning for hemiplegic patient the Affected shoulder should be at the midline for flexion and abduction
true or false?

A

true

61
Q

Affected elbow, wrist and fingers should be positioned in hemiplegic patient in?

A

extension

62
Q

which one is incorrect for positioning?

  • forearm in neutral +supination
  • hip and knees in neutral+ slight flexion
  • hip position for rotation in neutral +slight adduction
  • ankle is positioned in neutral via orthosis to prevent DF
A

hip position for rotation in neutral + slight ADDuction
it should be slight ABDuction

63
Q

what are the exercises done for acute term?

A

PROM, slight stretching
Bed mobility and sitting tasks can start.
Ambulation if the patient’s hemodynamic state is proper.

64
Q

what are the indications of shoulder subluxation in acute term?

A

A gap between the affected side humerus and acromion is palpated.
Glenohumeral joint instability
Pain

65
Q

how can we treat shoulder subluxation?

A

positioning
support
bandaging
ES, like FES for supraspinatus and posterior deltoid

66
Q

atypical improvement in the upper extremity recovery!
Increased tone in the distal extremities,
Decreased tone in proximal extremities
Atrophy
are indications of what?

A

brachial plexus injuries

67
Q

how can we treat brachial plexus?

A

AROM and PROM
Positioning (via pillow):
Shoulders 45 degree externally rotated
90 degree elbow flexion
Forearm neutral position

68
Q

what are the indications for SHS?

A

Pain
Stiffness
Hyperesthesia
Vasomotor signs
Sudomotor dysfunction

69
Q

Touch, motion, emotional stress, pain (+)
Edema on top of hand (+)
MCP joint sensitivity (+)
Redness, heat and dry hand at the beginning, progress to cold, wet and pale hand. (+)
Pain with the passive movement! (+)
are related to?

A

the first phase of SHS

70
Q

what are the 2nd phase of SHS?

A

Atrophy starts
Contracture develops
Stiffness and edema
Cold skin
Dystrophic naik changes

71
Q

when it is the irreversible phase of SHS?

A

it is the 3rd phase

72
Q

Irreversible phase
Increase in atrophy
Increase in contracture (ankylosis)
Pain might pass
No function in extremity
are the clinical changes of the third phase of SHS
true or false?

A

true

73
Q

in SHS there is sympathetic hyposensitivity and dystrophic changes
true or false?

A

false, hypersensitivity

74
Q

Localized swelling
Limitation (extension contracture)
are related to ?

A

HO

75
Q

A rare complication of the upper extremity.
Can develop after clot at the superficial veins or irritation of the medication injections
is?

A

THROMBOFLEBIT

76
Q

Intravenous applications and blood pressure control should be applied to healthy arm.
to prevent?

A

THROMBOFLEBIT

77
Q

Lower extremities should be evaluated to test the edema, heat and color changes, diameter differences, sensitivity and pain with movement for early diagnosis of?

A

DVT

78
Q

how can we prevent DVT?

A

Proper anti-embolic socks
Early ambulation
Straight position

79
Q

how can we treat DVT?

A

Bed rest (all treatments are interrupted for a week period). Only medical intervention.
Leg elevation
Continuation of the ADL

80
Q

the severity of depression related to the distance of brain lesion to the ?

A

frontal region

81
Q

what are other complications of hemiplegic patients?

A

depression
communication problems
cognitive problems
neglect
Apraxia

82
Q

Left parietal stroke: ‘’dressing apraxia’’

Right parietal stroke: ‘’constructional apraxia’’, visuo-spatial deficit, duplicating deficit
true or false?

A

true

83
Q

apraxia common in wide right hemisphere lesions
however, neglect syndrome is common in left hemisphere lesions

true or false?

A

false, the opposite

84
Q

Spatial and visual attention disorder are ?

A

neglect syndrome

85
Q

Insufficient hip flexion
Insufficient knee flexion
Insufficient ankle dorsiflexion
are seen in which phase for ambulation disturbance?

A

swing phase

86
Q

in stance phase for disturbed ambulation we see?

A

Insufficient lateral flexion of the trunk
Defect in pelvic rotation +
Fall on the healthy side pelvis +
Knee instability and retraction +
Equine or varus in foot +

cardiorehabilitation (6 decks)

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