Cardiovascular System 1

Question 1

The opening at the top and bottom of the thoracic cage?

Answer 1

Thoracic inlet/aperture

Question 2

What opening contains the infrasternal angle?

Answer 2

Inferior thoracic aperture

Question 3

— is located on the manubrim and lines up with the 2nd thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

Jugular notch / suprasternal

Question 4

The fusion between the manubrim and the body that lines up within ribs 4 and 5?

Answer 4

Manubriosternal joint/ sternal angle

Question 5

The fusion between the body and xiploid process that lines up with ribs 9?

Answer 5

Xiphisternal joint/angle

Question 6

The heart sits within the thoracic cage in a space called the?

Answer 6

Mediastinum

Question 7

3 main cavities of the thoracic cage?

Answer 7

Left and right pulmonary cavity and mediastinum

Question 8

The line running parallel to the sternum on either side?

Answer 8

Parasternal line

Question 9

The line running mid point of the clavicle

Answer 9

Midclavicular line

Question 10

The upper border of the heart sits with the — while the lower border of the heart sits at the —-

Answer 10

• t4 and t5
• t9

Question 11

The apex of the heart is in the — intercostal space

Answer 11

5th intercostal space

Question 12

4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 12

• right and left atrium
• right and left ventricle

Question 13

The muscular walls between theses 4 chambers?

Answer 13

Interventricular septum and interatria septum

Question 14

— collects deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body

Answer 14

Superior vena cava

Question 15

— collects deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body

Answer 15

Inferior vena cava

Question 16

— pushes deoxygenated blood towards the lungs to become oxygenated

Answer 16

Pulmonary trunk

Question 17

— take oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

Answer 17

Pulmonary veins

Question 18

— connects the aorta and the pulmonary trunk together

Answer 18

Ligamentum anteriosum

Question 19

Explain the Lungs shunt mechanism ( fetus)

Answer 19

The blood going into the pulmonary trunk will enter the Aorta via the ductus arteriosus so instead of the oxygenated blood to go into the lungs, it goes to the directly to the aorta and circulate that oxygenated blood throughout the fetus.

Question 20

The valve that directs blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Answer 20

Right Atrioventricular valve or tricuspid valve

Question 21

The valve that controls the movement of blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 21

Pulmonary Semi Luna valve

Question 22

When the left ventricle contract, it pushes the oxygenated blood into a valve called the?

Answer 22

Aortic semi Luna valve

Question 23

The bumpy looking muscle on the right atrium that’s allows for a stronger muscular contraction from the right atrium to the right ventricle is called?

Answer 23

Pectinate muscle

Question 24

This separation between the pectinate muscle, and the inter-atrial septum ( smoother muscular surface )is called?

Answer 24

Crista Terminalis

Question 25

The two opening of the fetus that closes after birth

Answer 25

• ductus anteriosus
• foramen ovale

Question 26

Explain the second shunt mechanism (foramen ovale)

Answer 26

Before birth, the foramen ovale is an open structure in the interatrial septum that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium shunting the right ventricle.

Question 27

— is the string like structure attached to the tricuspid valve

Answer 27

Chordae tendinae

Question 28

Cusps of the atriaventricular valves

Answer 28

Tricuspid valve
- posterior
- anterior
- septal

Bicuspid valve
- posterior
- anterior

Question 29

— is the rough muscles inside the ventricles, while — is the rough muscles inside the atria?

Answer 29

• trabuculae carneae
• pectinate muscle

Question 30

In general, Blood flow through the heart will start on the — and end at the — (right or left)

Answer 30

• right
• left

Question 31

Pulmonary veins are on the left atrium. True/false

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The pathway in which the blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

Answer 32

Left atrioventricular valve or bicuspid/ mitral valve

Question 33

An appendage on the left atrium, that doesn’t really have a main function is known as the

Answer 33

Auricle of the left atrium

Question 34

The wall of the right ventricle is thicker and stronger than the wall of the left ventricle. true or false

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Using a stethoscope — sound project on the right second intercostal space while — sound project on the left fifth intercostal space (parasternal)

Answer 35

• aortic valve ( it’s along the right parasternal line that is, right of the sternum)
• tricuspid (downward to the left side of the sternum)

Question 36

Using a stethoscope —sound projects on the left second intercostal space while — sound project on the left fifth intercostal space (mid clavicle line)

Answer 36

• pulmonary valve
• bicuspid valve (sound is projected towards the Apex of the heart)

Question 37

List 3 pericardium layers of the heart from superficial to deep

Answer 37

• fibrous pericardium
• parietal Serous (lines the inner wall of the fibrous Pericardium)
• visceral serous (Directly on top of the organ)

Question 38

Deep to the visceral pericardium is another layer called?

Answer 38

Epicardial fat

Question 39

— Sinus is the space that divides the pulmonary trunk and the Aorta from the superior vena cava

Answer 39

Transverse pericardia sinus