Cardiovascular Structures Flashcards
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
-fibrous layer
-serous layer
What are the two divisions of the serous pericardium?
-parietal
-visceral
How does the serous pericardium form as the heart grows?
Embryo heart cells push into the serous pericardium and and as they expand/grow they create a double layer wall known as the serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium? WHat purpose does it serve?
Tough connective tissue that anchors the heart by connecting to the central tendon of the diaphragm and the sternum
What is the pericardiocophrenic ligament?
The tissue that anchors the fibrous pericardium to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Where does the phrenic nerve descend in relationship to the pericardium?
Phrenic nerve will descend between the fibrous pericardium and the mediastinal pleural walls
What does the serous pericardium do?
contains the heart
What does the parietal layer of the serous pericardium do?
Blends with the fibrous pericardium on the “outer layer”
What does the visceral layer of the serous pericardium do?
Blends with the epicardium (anchors and merges with the tissue of the heart)
What is the pericardial cavity?
Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium
*contains serous fluid which allows for the heart to move smoothly without friction
How does blood flow occur in chambers of the heart?
-Blood flows from the right atria to the right ventricle and heads out toward the lungs
-Blood then comes back to the left atria and moves into the left ventricle where it will be pushed through the aorta to supply the body
What are the landmarks of the right atriium?
-right auricle
-SVC/IVC openings
-opening to coronary sinus
-fossa ovalis
-tricuspid valve
What purpose do the SVC/IVC openings serve in the right atrium?
blood flows directly into the heart from these opening, no valve is present (just a gradient flow)
What purpose does the opening to the coronary sinus serve in the right atrium?
Venous return from the heart muscle itself
Coronary veins bring blood back to right atrium
Coronary arteries supply the heart itself (these veins/arteries merge into the coronary sinus)
What purpose does the fossa ovalis serve in the right atrium?
Represents the opening that was present between right and left atria in developing embryos (blood is received from mother, does not need to be oxygenated)
It is sealed off once heart is developed and is known as the fossa ovalis
What is the purpose of the tricuspid valve serve in the right atrium?
The AV (atrioventricular) valve that sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle (opens during blood flow from atrium to ventricle)
What is the right auricle of the right atrium?
Pouch/pocket that sits on the right atrium
What are the landmarks of the right ventricle?
-tricuspid valve
-papillary muscle/chordae tendineae
-pulmonary valve
What is the papillary muscle/chordae tendineae of the right ventricle?
Papillary muscle: continuation of cardiac muscle that anchors onto the chordae tendineae
-These keep the tricuspid valve from flopping back into the right atrium when closing
What is the pulmonary valve of the right ventricle?
The semi-lunar valve that sits between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle to allow unoxygenated blood to flow to the pulmonary system