Cardiovascular Spotter Flashcards
Define infarct.
Where is the infarct in this image?
Area of necrotic tissue resulting from sudden absolute or relative reduction in blood flow.
Bright red area
Describe the histopathologic changes in the infarct after:
a) 0-12hrs
b) 12-24hrs
c) 24-72hrs
d) 3-10 days
e) weeks-months
a) no changes
b) bright eosinophilia of muscle fibres reflecting onset of coagulation necrosis; intracellular oedema
c) coagulative necrosis - loss of nuclei and striations; beginning of acute inflammatory
d) replacement of infarcted area by granualtion tissue (vascularised with active fibroblasts)
e) collagenous scar tissue
What stage of the histopathologic change is this - what can you see?
1 day infarct showing coagulative necrosis with wavy fibres
What stage of the histopathologic change is this - what can you see?
3-4 days post infarct wiht neutrophil infiltrate
What stage of the histopathologic change is this - what can you see?
7-10 days post infarct, nearly complete removal of necrotic tissue
What kind of tissue is this? What can you see?
Granulation tissue, loose collagen and abundant blood supply
What stage of the histopathologic change is this - what can you see?
Well healed infarct with dense collagen and a few remaining myocetes
Which image, L or R, is the older infarct?
L (prob about 10 days since MI - vascularised tissue with active fibroblasts = granualisation tissue)
What is the most common pathology underlying myocardial infarction?
List the factors involved in the pathogenesis of MI.
Coronary artery disease - atherosclerosis of coronary arteries (also coronary artery vasospasm)
Smoking, hypertension, family history, stress, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, age, gender
What are the complications of MI:
a) short-term
b) long-term
a) L ventricular failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, rupture of ventricle wall, papillary muscle infection, formation of mural thrombus, fibrinous pericarditis, DVT
b) chronic intractable L ventricular failure, ventricular aneurysm formation, dressler’s syndrome (uncommon immune mediated pericarditis), recurrant MI
Label A-C
A: vavle cusp
B: chordae tendinae
C: papillary muscle
What type of tissue is found in the centre of the venous valve (*)?
What cells are found on the edge of the venous valve (arrows)?
Which direction would blood normally be flowing through this vein?
Dense irregular CT
Endothelial
R -> L
What do the arrows indicate?
Pericarditis - diffuse granularity over pericardial surface indicating fibrinous (bread and butter)
What do the arrows indicate?
Endocarditis - small vegetations on the free edges of the vale cusps
What histological changes do you see in the myocardium? What are indicated by the arrows?
What is pancarditis?
Areas devoid of myocardial fibres where groups of cells are found. This is myocarditis.
Arrows = Aschoff bodies formed by epitheloid macrophages and lymphocytes.
Pericarditis, endocarditis and myocaridits
