Cardiovascular responses to exercise training-lecture 21 Flashcards
Cardiac output determinants
definitions of cardiac output and stroke volume
Cardiac output-how much blood will arrive at the muscle.
Stroke volume-volume of blood pumped per beat.
What are the Adaptive responses at rest, during sub-maximal and maximal exercise for cardiac output.
Will be on test.
Resting cardiac output is unchanged (Average 5L per minute (pre/post training).Trained vs untrained
Cardiac output unchanged during sub-maximal exercise. (pre/post training)Trained vs untrained
Higher maximal cardiac output can be achieved post training compared to pre training.
Increase in Cardiac output max in pre/post training represents one of the most significant adaptations In CV system with training
which largely contributes to increase in Vo2 max in training.
Workload is the same but feels easier post training.
What can cardiac output reach in trained vs untrained?
Trained= during exercise as high as
• 20-25 L/min in untrained individuals • 35 L/min in well-trained athletes
Blood Volume responses.
- Blood volume increases with endurance training
- 20-25% higher in endurance trained vs. untrained •
Effect occurs rapidly-decreases rapidly as well as increasing if not trained for number of time 8-10 days or few days
• Rapid return of BV and PV to pre-training levels when exercise is discontinued
effects occur rapidly due to plasma volume
Cardiac dimensions-Muscle adaptions
Left ventricle(LV) does the most work and undergoes the greatest adadptions.
Hearty size increases with training-Cardiac hypertrophy or physiological remodelling
Endurance training + LV wall thickening/muscle mass ++ LV diameter/volume
• Resistance training ++ LV wall thickening/muscle mass + LV diameter/volume
Stroke Volume-explain
Graph are increases with resistance training.
Trained have higher SV at rest.
Higher during submaximal exercise.
Higher at maximal exercise.
• Lower in women (80 – 100) than men (100-120 ml)
resting HR response to training
Resting HR-significant decrease
Common adaption-more efficient heart(same volume of blood can be pumped with fewer beats).
due to increases in SV
Submaximal training HR response.
Decrease in HR response to a given absolute submaximal exercise intensity.
Can maintain CO appropriate to meet the muscle demands with lower HR because of higher SV
Summarise changes in
Stroke Volume
Cardiac output
Heart rate
in response to trained vs untrained(should be able to explain graphs for test.)
Cardiac output
(No changes in CO at rest, submax, only change is at at max exercise intensity pre and post training)-because of increase in stroke vol
Cardiac output remains the same because of increase in stroke vol).
Stroke Volume is increased at rest, sub max and max in trained vs untrained.
Heart rate is lowered/decreases at rest/sub max and max (increase or unchanged in max)due to more efficient heart because of increase in stroke vol.
Be able to explain lecture graphs for test
Children
hearts
Stroke vol
Cardiac output at any given exercise intensity, is lower in children then adults
SV is lower in children (smaller hearts)
Higher heart rates.(resting etc)
