Cardiovascular/Respiratory

Question 0

What are Purkinje fibers

Answer 0

Modified conductive cardiomyocytes found under the endocardium lining the ventricular septum

Question 1

What are the three layers of the heart from outside to inside?

Answer 1

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Question 2

What do atrial cells contain?

Answer 2

Atrial cell granules that contain atrial natriuretic factor which serves as an antagonist to angiotensin II and preventing hypervolumia

Question 3

Blood vessels (except capillaries) are made up of what three layers?

Answer 3

Tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima

Question 4

What is an example of elastic artery?

Answer 4

Aorta

Question 5

What do elastic arteries have?

Answer 5

Abundance of elastic lamina in the tunica media

Question 6

What have larger amounts of smooth muscle in their tunica media?

Answer 6

Muscular arteries

Question 7

What type of blood vessel has a tunica media that is thick in relation to the size of the lumen?

Answer 7

Arteriole

Question 8

What is found between the tunica media and the tunica intima and tunica adventitia?

Answer 8

Internal and external elastic membranes

Question 9

What are characteristics of most capillaries?

Answer 9

Continuous capillaries

Question 10

What are continuous capillaries?

Answer 10

Capilllaries with continuous cytoplasm, cell membrane, and basement membrane

Question 11

What are characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 11

Have holes in the cytoplasm and cell membrane but have continuous basal membranes

Question 12

Naame types of fenestrated capillaries

Answer 12

Endocrine glands and renal glomerular capillaries

Question 13

Describe the characteristics of discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 13

Have holes in the cytoplams and cell membrane and a discontinuous basal membrane, and gaps between the cells are wider than in the fenestrated capillaries.

Question 14

Where are discontinuous capillaries found?

Answer 14

Liver and spleen

Question 15

What are the characteristics of respiratory epithelium?

Answer 15

Pseudostratified, ciliated with goblet cells

Question 16

What covers the true vocal folds and the lingual surface of the epiglottis?

Answer 16

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Question 17

What are found int eh adventitia of the trachea?

Answer 17

Horseshoe-shaped hyaline cartilages

Question 18

What type of epithelium is olfactory mucosa?

Answer 18

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lacking goblet cells with no distinct basement membrane

Question 19

Cell types in the olfactory epithelium include:

Answer 19

Olfactory cells (bipolar neurons), basal cells (stem cells), sustentacular cells, and olfactory glands of Bowman.

Question 20

What is produced by bownman’s glands in the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 20

Odorant binding proteins

Question 21

As the bronchi become smaller,

Answer 21

there is a decrease in the height of the epithelium, a decrease in cartilage and glands, and an increase in the proportion of elastic fibers and smooth muscles

Question 22

Bronchioles are characterized by what?

Answer 22

smooth muscle, ciliated columnar epithelium, absence of cartilage, sparse goblet cells, and lack of seromucous glands

Question 23

Type I pneumocytes (alveolar cells) are more numerous than type II and cover more surface area
True or False

Answer 23

False. They are less numerous than type II but they still cover more surface area

Question 24

What produces surfactant?

Answer 24

Type II pneumocytes and clara cells

Question 25

What are only found in the branchioles?

Answer 25

Clara cells

Question 26

The blood air barrier (respiratory membrane) consists of what?

Answer 26

Thin capillary endothelium (continuous endo), thin epithelium of pneumocyte, and intervening basal lamina produced by both pneumocytes and endothelial cells

Question 27

What is not found found in respiratory membrane?

Answer 27

Dust cells

Question 28

What are macrophages in the lungs?

Answer 28

Dust cells