Cardiovascular Quiz Flashcards
Upper heart chamber
Atria
Muscular wall dividing the heart into Halves
Septum
Lower heart chamber
Ventricle
Valve between right atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Pulmonic valve
Valve between left atrium and ventricle, bicuspid valve
Mitral valve
Filament that secure the AV valve leaflets
Chordae tendonsinea
Vessels that supply the heart with oxygenated blood
Coronary artery’s
Valve from the left ventricle to the aorta
Aortic valve
What are the three pacemaker sites in the heart
- SA node: 60-100 bpm
- AV node: 40-60 bpm
- Purine fibers rate is 20-40 bpm
Number of times ventricles contract per minute
Heart rate
Degree of myocardial fiber stretch at end of distally and just before heart contracts
Preload
Amount of pressure or resistance that the ventricles must overcome to reject blocked or the semi lunar valves and into the peripheral blood vessels
Afterload
Pressure that ventricles must overcome to open aortic valve
Impedance
Force of contraction independent of preload
Contractility
What are risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women?
- Waste and abdominal obesity
- Post menopausal
- Diabetes mellitus
The nurse is assessing a patient’s nicotine dependency. Which questions of the nurse asked for an accurate assessment?
- How soon after you wake up in the morning do you smoke
- Do you find it difficult not to smoke in places were smoking is prohibited
- Do you smoke when you’re ill
- What happened the last time you trying to quit smoking
The nurses talking to a patient has been trying to quit smoking. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of cigarette usage as it relates to reducing cardiovascular risk?
I need to be completely cigarette free for at least three years
When disease or other disorders of the cardiovascular system occur….
Oxygenation and perfusion decrease
The nurse is providing health teaching for a patient at risk for heart disease. Which factor is the most modifiable, controllable risk factor?
Obesity
The nurses giving a community presentation about heart disease in women. What information does the nurse include in the presentation?
- Dyspnea on exertion maybe the first and only symptom of heart failure
- Symptoms are subtle or atypical
- Having wasted I’m done I’ll be city is a higher risk factor than having fat and butt and thighs
- Common symptoms include back pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Which blood-pressure readings require further prehypertensive assessment
- 125 systolic
- 139 systolic
- 100 diastolic
The nurse working in the public health department is reviewing data for populations at risk for cardiovascular disease which group is the greatest need for intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk
Part-time fast food workers to make approximately 9000 a year
True or false
the parasympathetic system slows the heart rate where the sympathetic system stimulates increases the heart rate
True
Which category of cardiovascular drugs increases heart rate and contractility?
Catecholamines
Which category of cardiovascular drugs blocks the sympathetic stimulation to the heart and increases the heart rate?
Beta blockers
What different pathophysiologic conditions can the healthy heart attack do?
Stress, infection, hemorrhage
Which statement about blood pressure is accurate?
- Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
- I thought blood pressure is primarily determined by a peripheral vasoconstriction
- To maintain adequate blood flow through the coronary artery, I thought blood pressure must be at least 60 MMH G
True or false
The right ventricle of the heart generates the greatest not a blood pressure
False the left ventricle of the heart generates the greatest mount a blood pressure
True or false
To maintain adequate blood flow through the coronary artery is dice a blood pressure must be at least 60 MMH G
True
While taking a patient’s blood pressure the nurse observes that we felt that alternates with a strong pulse despite a regular heart rhythm what does the nurse dude exclude a false reAding
Repeat the blood pressure asked patient to hold his or her breath
In hypovolemic patients stretch receptors and blood vessels sensor or pressure and said you were impulses to the central nervous system. As a result which sign or symptoms does the nurse expect to observe in patient
Cool, pale skin tachycardia
What term describes the difference between systolic and Diastolic values which is an indirect measure of cardiac output?
Pulse pressure
The nurse is performing a dietary assessment on a 45-year-old business executive at risk for CVD. Which assessment method used by the nurse is the most reliable and accurate
The patient to recall the intake of foods fluids and alcohol during a typical 24 hour.
Based on the physiologic force the propels blood forward in the veins which patient has the greatest risk for Venus stasis?
Bedridden patient in the end stages of Alzheimer’s disease
Which statement about the peripheral vascular system is true?
Veins are equipped with valve the permit one-way flow of blood for the heart
The patient comes to the clinic stating my right foot turns the darkest red color when I sit too long and when I put my foot up it turns pale which condition does the nurse suspect?
Arterial insufficiency
Which exercise regimen for an older adult meets the recommended guidelines for physical fitness to promote heart health?
Brisk walk 30 minutes every day
In assessing a patient who is come to the clinic for a physical exam the nurse sees that the patient has pallor. What is this finding indicative of?
Anemia
Emergency personnel discovered a patient lying outside in the cool evening air for an unknown length of time the patient is in a hyperthermic state the metabolic needs of the tissues are decreased what other assessment findings of the nurse expect to see
Blood pressure and heart rate lower than normal
The advanced practice nurses assessing the vascular status of the patient’s lower extremities using the ankle brachial index. What is the correct technique for this assessment method?
A blood pressure cuff is applied to the lower extremities in the systolic pressure is measured by Doppler ultrasound of both the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses
What is the correct technique for assessing a patient with arterial insufficiency in the right lower leg?
Palpate the peripheral arteries in a head to toe approach with a side to side comparison
The nurse is performing a cardiac assessment on an older adult. What is a common assessment finding for this patient?
S4 heart sound
Patients charts notes that the examiner has heard S1 and S2 on also Tatian of the heart. What does this documentation referred to
First and second heart sounds
The nurses taking a report on a patient will be transferred from the cardiac intensive care unit to the general medical surgical unit the reporting nurse states that S4 is heard on auscultation of the heart this indicates that the patient has which condition
Ventricular hypertrophy
Which patient has an abnormal heart sounds?
S3 in a 54 year old patient
The nurses caring for a patient at risk for her problem what are normal findings for the cardiovascular assessment of this patient?
- Splitting of S2 decreases with expiration
2. Point of maximal impulse in fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line
The nurse practitioner reads in a patient’s chart that her carotid bruit was heard during the last two annual check ups. Today auscultation the bruit is not present. How does the nurse practitioner evaluate the data?
The occlusion of the vessel may have progressed past 90%
In assessing a patient the nurse finds that the PMI appears in more than one intercostal space and has shifted lateral to the midclavicular line. How does the nurse interpret this data?
Ventricular hypertrophy
True or false
Assessment begins with auscultation
False, inspection
True or false The patient is in a supine position with the head of the bed elevated for comfort and ease of breathing
True
True or false
Inspect for PMI or pulsations at the apex of the heart
True
True or false
Murmurs and rubs are detected by palpation
False they’re detected by auscultation
True or false
Inspect the chest from the side at a right angle and downward over areas of the precordium were vibrations are visible
True
True or false
The first heart sound is heard best at the base of the heart
False it’s best heard at the lower left sternal border or the apex
True or false
When auscultating is the diaphragm of the stethoscope to listen for low-frequency sounds
Falls to listen for high-frequency sounds
True or false
The skill of accurately auscultating sounds requires a good set the scope and lots of practice
True
Angina
Sudden onset, substernal, may spread across the chest, back, arms, it usually lasts less than 15 minutes
Myocardial infarction
Sudden onset, substernal, may spread across chest, back, arms, intense, stabbing, vice like pain, sudden onset, often an early morning
Pericarditis
Sudden onset, intermittent, relieved with sitting upright, substernal, may spread across chest, back, arms, intense, stabbing, by slight pain moderate to severe
Esophageal gastric
Sub sternal may spread across shoulders her abdomen, squeezing, heartburn, variable and severity
Anxiety
Doll ache to sharp stabbing, may have numbness of fingers, maybe in response to stress
Pleuropulmonary
Continuous until underlying condition is treated, mutter it, worse on inspiration
The nurse working in a woman’s health clinic is reviewing the risk factors for several patients for stroke and myocardial infarction. Which patient has the highest risk for MI?
40-year-old taking oral contraceptives who smokes
Patient comes to the emergency department reporting to spam. And evaluating the patient’s pain, which questions does the nurse asked the patient?
- How long does the pain last and how often does it occur
- Is the pain different from any other episodes of pain you’ve had
- What activities are you doing on the pain first occurred
- Where is the chest pain what is it feel like
- Have you had other signs and symptoms that occur at the same time
The nurse is instructing a patient with congestive heart failure or science to look for when experiencing an activation of CHF. Which are appropriate teaching points for this patient?
- It is possible to gain up to 10 to 15 pounds before edema develops
- Notify the physician of awakening of 2 pounds within 1 to 2 days
- Notify the physician if you notice that your shoes are rings feel tight
I 65-year-old patient comes to the clinic reporting fatigue and tiredness. The patient would like to start exercise program but thanks anemia might be causing the fatigue. What is the nurses first action?
Since the onset, duration, and circumstances associated with the fatigue and tiredness
I am patient reports having frequent episodes of palpitations but denies having chest pain. Which follow-up question does the nurse asked to assess the patient’s symptoms of palpitations?
Do you feel dizzy or have you lost consciousness with the palpation
Syncope in the aging person can likely occur with which actions by the patient
Turning the head, performing a Valsalva maneuver, shrugging their shoulders
Syncope in the older adult may result from what
Syncope an older adult may result from hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus body crowded arteries
True or false
Dyspnea associated with activity such as climate climbing stairs is referred to as dyspnea on exertion
True
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea occurs when the patient has been sitting for a prolonged period of time
False
True or false
Severity of orthopedic yeah is measured by the length of time it takes to recover after exertion
False
Dyspnea On exertion may be the only sign up early heart failure and women
True
The nurse performing a physical assessment on a patient with a history of cardiovascular disease observe the patient has ascites, jaundice, and Anna’s Kharcha. How does the nurse interpret these findings?
As late signs of severe right sided heart failure
The nurses performing an assessment on a patient brought in by emergency personnel the nurse immediately observed that the patient has spontaneous respirations and the skin is cool pale and moist what is the priority patient problem?
Impaired oxygenation
That nurse is caring for a patient at risk for M I for what primary reason does the nurse plan interventions to prevent anxiety or overexertion?
Increase in heart rate increases myocardial oxygen demand
The nurse is caring for a patient with the priority problems of decreased cardiac output. Which situation may result in decreased myocardial contractility that will further lower cardiac output?
Frequent endotracheal suctioning the results and hypoxemia
Patient reports severe cramping in the legs while attempting to walk for exercise. The visitation diagnoses a patient with intermittent claudication. What does the nurse advised the patient to do?
Rest legs in a dependent position
A patient entering the cardiac rehabilitation unit seems optimistic and at times unexpectedly cheerful and upbeat which statement by the patient causes the nurse to suspect a maladaptive use of denial in the patient?
Oh I don’t really need that medication information I’m sure that I’ll soon be able to get by without it
The nurse taking a medical history of a patient makes a special notation to follow up on valvular abnormalities of the heart which recurrent condition in the patient’s history cause the nurse to make this notation?
Streptococcal infections of the throat
What is the most significant lab cardiac marker in a patient who has had an MI?
Presence of Troponins T and I
A patient in the ED with chest pain has a possible am I. Which lab test is on to the terminal diagnosis?
Troponin T and I
Which lab tests are used to predict a patient’s risk for coronary artery disease?
- Cholesterol level
- Triglyceride level
- Low density lipoprotein level
A patient is undergoing diagnostic testing for imports of chest pain. Which test is done to determine the location and extent of CAD
Cardiac catheterization
Microalbuminuria has been shown to be a clear marker of widespread endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Which conduction condition should be prompt patients to be tested annually for microalbuminuria.
- Hypertension
- Metabolic syndrome
- Diabetes mellitus
The patient is being discharged with a prescription for warfarin which test is a nurse instruct the patient to routinely have done for the fall of monitoring?
Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio oh
What is the significance of a sodium level of 139 for a patient with heart failure?
Dilutional hyponatremia and fluid retention
Which test is performed to determine about Desi’s of the mitral valve, left atrium or aortic arch?
Transesophageal echo cardio gram
A patient is scheduled to have an exercise electrocardiography test. But instruction does the nurse provide to the patient before the procedure takes place?
Wear comfortable loose clothing and rubber soled supportive shoes
A nurse is monitoring the patient’s blood pressure and ECG during a stress test. Which parameter indicates the patient stop exercising?
ECG showing ST segment depression
What measures are taken to prepare patient for pharmacologic stress echocardiogram?
IV access needs to be present and the patient must be NPO for 3 to 6 hours before the test
True or false
Echocardiograms required informed consent
False
True or false
MMPI is a radioactive technique used to view cardiovascular abnormalities
True
True false
Technetium scanning is effective for diagnosing Old infractions
False
True or false
After an MMPI the patient is placed in isolation because of radioactive isotopes
False
True or false
Thallium imaging be done with the patient at rest or during exercise
True
True or false
For patients who cannot perform a treadmill stress test vasodilating drugs can stimulate the effects of exercise
True
True or false
During A thallium imaging scan patients should be aware that vasodilators concussed Flushing, headache, dyspnea and chest tightness a few moments after then direction
True
True or false
And echocardiogram it’s risk-free pain-free test that uses soundwaves SS card extract your mobility particularly that of the Valves
True
True or false
A PET scan takes 2 to 3 hours and a patient maybe ask to use the treadmill
True
The nurses obtaining a pulmonary artery wedge pressure from a patient during recording at what position with the transducer be
Phlebostatic axis
A patient of being hemodynamically monitored via pulmonary artery catheter. There’s a right arterial pressure reading of nine MM HG. How does the nurse interpret this finding
Right-sided heart failure
Patients asked Neil is 70%. What is the nurses interpretation of this fighting?
Oxygen demand is balanced by the oxygen supply
What are the purposes of an angiogram?
- Identify an arterial obstruction
- Identifying arterial narrowing
- Identify an aneurysm
What is included in the post procedural care of a patient after cardiac catheterization?
- Dressing is assessed for bloody drainage or hematoma
- Peripheral pulses in the affected extremity as well skin tab and color of my chair with every vital sign check
- Patient is assessed for pain at insertion site
- Adequate oral and IV fluids are provided for hydration
- Intake and output or March or because the guys an osmotic your attic
Which assessment finding a patient who has had a cardiac catherization does the nurse report immediately to the physician?
Catheterized extremity dusky with decreased peripheral pulses
The critical care nurses just taking a reading of the patients PA WP. The balloon remains in the wedge position after the reading. What does the nurse to next
Ask the patient to cough and assist the patient to change positions
What are possible complications associated with the pulmonary artery catheter?
- Ventricular dysrhythmia
- Pulmonary infarction
- Infection
Which client statement indicates an understanding of the nurses instructions concerning a Holter monitor?
The monitor will record any abnormal heart rhythm is why I go about my usual activities
A client with a history of dysrhythmias is to wear a Holter monitor for 24 hours on an outpatient basis. What should the nurse teach the client to do while wearing the monitor
Keep a written account of activities
A client with a dysrhythmias admitted to telemetry for observation in the morning the client asked for a cup of coffee. What is the nurses best response
Coffee has caffeine that can affect your heart. It should be avoided
Client who had several episodes of chest pain scheduled for an exercise electrocardiogram. Which exclamation should the nurse include when teaching a client about this procedure?
This is a noninvasive test to check your hearts response to physical activity
What was the nurse do to determine the clients pulse pressure?
Subtract the diastolic from the systolic reading
Which nursing action is most important in caring for a client after a cardiac catherization
Check a pulse distal to the insertion site
Nurse prepare the client for insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter. What information can be obtained from monitoring the pulmonary artery pressure?
Left ventricular functioning
Two hours after cardiac catheterization that was accessed via the right from oral route, and adult club client complains of numbness and pain in the right foot. What action should the nurse take first?
Check the clients pedal pulses
The client has a contrast medium injected into the brachial artery so that a cerebral angiogram can be performed. What nursing assessment is most essential immediatly after the procedure?
Symmetry of the radial pulses
What is the most important nursing action when measuring a client pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Deflate the balloon as soon as the PC WP is measured
A client undergoes cardiac catheterization via the for moral artery because of a history of bilateral Mesec to me. What is the most important nursing action after the procedure?
Assess the groin for bleeding
