Cardiovascular Pharmacology Flashcards
What is wrong when a person has hypertension?
Excessive cardiac output
Excessive peripheral resistance
Excessive fluid volume
Combo of the above
What are the mitigation possibilities for treating hypertension?
Decrease cardiac output with negative iontropism or chronotropism
Decrease peripheral resistance via vasodilation
Decrease fluid volume via fluid and electrolyte reduction (diuretic)
What drug is likely to cause reflex tachycardia?
Prazoine
What drug is likely to cause reflex bradycardia?
Pheneleprhine
What is disordered in the condition of angina pectoris?
Cardiac oxygen demand exceeds cardiac oxygen supply
What are possible ways to mitigate the problem of angina pectoris?
Increase myocardial oxygen supply via coronary dilation
Decrease the myocardial oxygen demand via negative ionotropism or chronotropism or peripheral vascular dilation (the dilation decreases the pressure the heart has to work against so decreases its oxygen need)
What is disordered with cardiac arrhythmias?
Abnormal pacemaker
Abnormal impulse propagation
What are the mitigation possibilities for cardiac arrhythmias?
Decrease ectopic foci via negative chronotropism
Decrease cardiac conduction rate via negative chronotropism
Increase refractory period
What is disordered in congestive heart failure?
Excessive fluid volume (usually a problem with the kidney)
Excessive cardiac after load
Inefficient cardiac work
What are the mitigation possibilities for congestive heart failure?
Decrease fluid volume and afterload via fluid and electrolyte reduction
Decrease cardiac energy consumption
What category is propranolol?
Sympatholytic Antihypertensive Anti-angina Anti-arrhythmic Anti-CHF
What is the mechanism of propranolol?
Beta 1 and 2 antagonist
What are the distinguishing characteristics of propranolol?
Highly lipid soluble and protein bound Paradoxical use in migraine Diminishes renin release via beta 2 antagonism Category C in pregnancy First pass metabolism in liver by CYP2D6
What are the predictable actions of propranolol?
Negative ionotropic and chronotropism
Decrease blood pressure
Contraindicated in asthmatics
Enters CNS where it may cause side effects
Caution in diabetics
Avoid in pregnancy
Duration prolonged in patients with liver disease
Many pharmacodynamic and kinetic interactions
What does the lol family do?
Beta blockers, anti hypertension drugs
