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Pharmocology > Cardiovascular pharmacology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Quinidine

A

Class 1A Anti-dysrhythmic (Increases duration of AP with intermediate association + dissociation) Inhibits voltage gated sodium channel

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2
Q

Procainamide

A

Class 1A Anti-dysrhythmic (Increases duration of AP with intermediate association + dissociation) Inhibits voltage gated sodium channel

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3
Q

Lindocaine

A

Class 1B Anti-dysrhythmic (Decreases duration of AP with fast association and dissociation) Inhibits voltage gated sodium channel
Local anaesthetic - binds to the intracellular surface of the channel therefore shows use dependance

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4
Q

Flecainide

A

Class 1C Anti-dysrhythmic (No effect on AP length, slow association and dissociation) Inhibits voltage gated sodium channel

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5
Q

Propanolol

A

Class 2 Anti-dysrhythmic, Non-selctive B-blocker, decreases +ve Inotropic and chronotropic effects of sympathetic stimulation of B1
Atrial fibrilation and Tachycardia arrhythmias

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6
Q

Atenolol

A

Class 2 Anti-dysrhythmic, B1 selective B-blocker, decreases +ve Inotropic and chronotropic effects of sympathetic stimulation of B1
Atrial fibrilation and Tachycardia arrhythmias

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7
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class 3 Anti-dysrhythmic, prolongs AP and the refractory period
Acts to inhibit the inward rectifying K+ channels
Dirty drug - also acts on Na and Ca channels and B-adrenoceptors in the heart
Used in the treatment of Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome and Ventricular + Atrial fibrillation

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8
Q

Verapamil

A

Class 4 Anti-dysrhythmic, inhibits the Calcium channel therefore reducing strength of contraction - would have thought actions would shorten AP due to L-channels being responsible for the Plateau phase, but seen to decrease the SA discharge rate and AV conductance
Coronary and peripheral vasodilation
Shows use dependance

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9
Q

Adenosine

A

Anti-dysrhythmic
Acts on Adenosine 1 Receptors in the SA node and atria, Gi coupled therefore reduced C-AMP and causes the opening of ATP sensitive K+ channels = hyperpolarisation, reduction in IF

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10
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac Glycoside
Anti-dysrhythmic + Heart Failure
Inhibits the Na/k Pump, required to produce gradient for Na/Ca exchanger = increase in intracellular calcium = shorter refractory period and +ve inotropic effect, but decrease conduction velocity therefore AP occur less frequently, also lead to ACh production = M3 to reduce conduction and open K-Ach channels = hyperpolarisation decreasing If

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11
Q

Digitoxin

A

Cardiac Glycoside - used in treatment of heart failure and anti-dysrhythmias
Inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPases therefore increases intracellular Sodium, this reduces the gradient required for Ca2+ extrusion through the 3Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, intracellular calcium rises causing a +ve ionotropic effect

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12
Q

Ouabain

A

Cardiac Glycoside - used in treatment of heart failure and anti-dysrhythmias
Inhibits the Na+/K+ ATPases therefore increases intracellular Sodium, this reduces the gradient required for Ca2+ extrusion through the 3Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, intracellular calcium rises causing a +ve ionotropic effect

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13
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1-selective agonist
Used in the treatment of shock or to improve CO following surgery, but could be used in heart failure
Dopamine analogue
+ve Inotropic effect greater than +ve chronotropic therefore not associated with B-agoinst disadvantages
IV

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14
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Third Generation B-Blocker

Used during Heart failure to reduce negative effects of increased adrenergic stimulation on the myocardium

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15
Q

Carvidolol

A

Third generation B-blocker

Used during Heart Failure to reduce negative effects of increase adrenergic stimulation of the myocardium

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16
Q

Phenothiazines

A

Inodilators - Phosophodiesterase type 1 inhibitor, used in the treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmia
+ve inotropic and chronotropic effect and C-AMP induced vasodilation of smooth muscle therefore reduces filling pressure

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17
Q

Milirone

A

Inodilator - Phosphodiesterase Type III (C-GMP inhibited) Inhibitor, used in the treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmia
+ve inotropic and chronotropic effect and C-AMP induced vasodilation of smooth muscle therefore reduces filling pressure

18
Q

Rolipram

A

Inodilator - Phosphodiesterase Type IV (C-AMP dependent) inhibitor, used in the treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmia
+ve inotropic and chronotropic effect and C-AMP induced vasodilation of smooth muscle therefore reduces filling pressure

19
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Inodilator - phosphodiesterase Type V (C-GMP specific) inhibitor, used in the treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmias
+ve inotropic and chronotropic effect and C-AMP induced vasodilation of smooth muscle therefore reduces filling pressure

20
Q

Sidenifil

A

Inodilator - phosphodiesterase Type V (C-GMP specific) inhibitor, used in the treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmias
+ve inotropic and chronotropic effect and C-AMP induced vasodilation of smooth muscle therefore reduces filling pressure

21
Q

Caffine

A

Methylxanthine
Non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Adenosine A1 + A2 receptor antagonist = release of calcium from intracellular stores
+ve inotropic and Chronotropic effects

22
Q

Theophylline

A

Methylxanthine
Non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Adenosine A1 + A2 receptor antagonist = release of calcium from intracellular stores
+ve inotropic and Chronotropic effects

23
Q

IBX

A

Methylxanthine
Non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Adenosine A1 + A2 receptor antagonist = release of calcium from intracellular stores
+ve inotropic and Chronotropic effects

24
Q

Pimobendan

A

Calcium sensitiser and Inodilator
Used for the treatment of Canine dilated cardiomyopathy and atrial value regurgitation
Increases Ca binding efficancy and inhibits phosphodiesterase type III

25
Q

Levosimendan

A

Calcium Sensitiser and Inodilator
Used in the treatment of heart failure
Increase Ca binding efficiancy and inhibits phosphodiesterase type III

26
Q

Angiotensin converting enzymes

A

Used in the treatment of heart failure

27
Q

Phospholamban

A

Endogenous inhibitor of SERCA2 (reuptake of Ca following heart contraction into internal stores)
Itself inhibited by phosphorylation by PKA (Sympathetic stimulation)

28
Q

Streptokinase

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Acts on the plasminogen activator promoting the production of plasmin
Produced by Haemolytic Streptococci

29
Q

Anistreplase

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Combination of Plasminogen and anisolyated streptokinase, streptokinase remains inactive until anisoyl group removed, takes around 2hrs, therefore sustained clot suppression

30
Q

Alteplase

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activators
Single stranded
Greater affinity to plasminogen bound to fibrin therefore localised activity

31
Q

Duteplase

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator
Double stranded
Greater affinity to plasminogen bound to fibrin therefore localised activity

32
Q

Aspirin

A

Fibrinolytic therapy when combined with Clopidogrel

inhibit platelet aggregation by inhibiting ADP binding to receptor on the platelets

33
Q

Eptifibatide

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Cyclic heptapeptide
Inhibits the Glycoprotein IIIa/IIb receptor essential for fibrinogen bridging between platelets for aggregation

34
Q

Tirofiban

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Non-peptide inhibitor of the Glycoprotein IIIa/IIb receptor essential for fibrinogen bridging between platelets for aggregation
Oral administration

35
Q

ABC Iximab

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Monoclonal antibody against vironectin receptor of platelets which is involved in cell adhesion and haemostats
used in Coronary angioplasty

36
Q

Heparin

A

Endogenous anticoagulant, released by mast cells and basophils, first binds to inhibitor antithrombin III (AT-III) causing and conformational change and exposure of active site - inactivated thrombin and factor Xa
Used in unstable angina and deep vein thrombosis and prophylactically to prevent clotting during surgery
IV administration

37
Q

Wafarin

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase therefore reduces and inhibits Vik K dependent clotting factors = II, VII, IX, X and thrombin, and protein regulatory factors C, S and Z
Oral admnistration
Used to prevent clot formation on prostatic valve
Can interact with components in food and drink enhancing or reducing effects - must be carefully monitored

38
Q

Dabigatrin

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Thrombin inhibitor
Used in patients with atrial fibrillation, and after knee or hip operations to reduced clot formation

39
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Fibrinolytic therapy
Inhibits Factor Xa
Used after knee and hip surgery to prevent coagulation

40
Q

Aminocaproic acid

A

Competitively inhibits plasminogen activator

41
Q

Tranexomic acid

A

Competitively inhibits plasminogen activator

Pharmocology (10 decks)

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