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Pharmocology > Anti-bacterial > Flashcards

Anti-bacterial Flashcards

1
Q

Ampicillin

A

Extended spectrum penicillin
B-lactam antibiotic
Mimics peptide bond between terminal D-Ala D-Ala on the pentapeptide - pseudo substrate for transpeptidase

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2
Q

Methicillin

A 
Narrow spectrum (gram +ve) B-lactamase resistant penicillin
B-lactam antibiotic
Mimics peptide bond between terminal D-Ala D-Ala on the pentapeptide - pseudo substrate for transpeptidase
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3
Q

Penicillin

A

B-lactam antibiotic

Mimics peptide bond between terminal D-Ala D-Ala on the pentapeptide - pseudo substrate for transpeptidase

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4
Q

Cephalosporin

A

B-lactam antibiotic
Mimics peptide bond between terminal D-Ala D-Ala on the pentapeptide - pseudo substrate for transpeptidase
But rather than B-Lactam ring = thiazalidine ring

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5
Q

Monobactam

A

B-lactam antibiotic

Mimics peptide bond between terminal D-Ala D-Ala on the pentapeptide - pseudo substrate for transpeptidase

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6
Q

Carbapenem

A

B-lactam antibiotic

Mimics peptide bond between terminal D-Ala D-Ala on the pentapeptide - pseudo substrate for transpeptidase

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7
Q

Vancomycin

A

Binds to D-Ala D-Ala on pentapeptide terminal and prevents access for transpeptidase
Susceptible to osmotic disturbances

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8
Q

Bacitracin

A

Inhibits bactoprenol regeneration to transport peptidoglycan precursors

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9
Q

Cycloserine

A

Inhibits D-Ala D-Ala joining pentapeptide

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10
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Inhibits pyrual transferase inhibiting the production of N-acety Utp murayl tripeptide… Preventing pentapeptide formation

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11
Q

Isoniazid

A

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis - envelope of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Limited spectrum

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12
Q

Tetracycline

A

Polykietic broad spectrum, bacteriostatic antibiotic
Targets 30s Ribosome subunit, reversibly binds and inhibits amino-actyly tRNA entrance into the A site
Can form Ca + Mg complexes reducing bioavailability and stripping enamel and bone, also reduces intestinal flora
First drug agains Mycoplasma and Cholera

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13
Q

Spectinomycin

A

Polykietic bacteriostatic antibiotic

Targets the 30s Ribosomal subunit

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14
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside, bacteriocidal antibiotic
Acts on 30s ribosome subunit, prevents / freezes the pre-initiation complex (bacteriostatic), slows translation, and reduced fidelity of amino acid matching by inducing miss-reading of the RNA
Narrow spectrum for Gram -ve Rods
Increase mucus production

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15
Q

Gentomycin

A

Less toxic version of streptomycin, aminoglycoside antibiotic, acts on 30s Ribosome subunit, prevents formation of pre-initiation complex, slows translation and induces miss-reading into the RNA reducing fidelity of matching
Narrow spectrum for Gram -ve Rods
Increase mucus production

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16
Q

Erthyromycin

A

Naturally occurring macrolide, narrow spectrum (gram +ve) antibiotic
Targets the 50s ribosomal subunit
Binds to the entrance of the polypeptide exit tunnel preventing further elongation
Short elimination half life and reduced bioavalibility

17
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic, extended spectrum

Targets 50s Ribosome subunit, binds to entrance of polypeptide exit tunnel and prevents further elongation

18
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic, extended spectrum

Targets 50S Ribosomal subunit, binds to entrance of polypeptide exit tunnel and prevents further elongation

19
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Macrolide broad spectrum antibiotic
Targets 50s Ribosome subunit and prevents peptidyl-transferase activity
Extremely hydrophobic therefore rapid onset of action and can cross BBB, used in treatment of bacterial meningitis
Limited used - bone marrow suppression

20
Q

Fusidic Acid

A

Narrow spectrum for Gram +ve

Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting elongation factor G which is required for peptide translocation

21
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolone broad spectrum Antibiotic
Inhibits DNA replication
Targets GryA (ATP domain) of Type II Topoisomerase -stabilises the intermediated therefore holds double cleaved DNA
Used against Anthrax and psuedomonas

22
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Quinolone, narrow spectrum (gram +ve) Antibiotic
Inhibits DNA replication
Targets GryA of Type II topoisomerase -stabilises the intermediated therefore holds double cleaved DNA
Used against Streptococcus pneumonia

23
Q

Coumermycin A1

A

Aminocoumarin antibiotic
Inhibits DNA replication
Targets GryB (DNA binding domain) of Type II topoisomers - stabilises the intermediated therefore holds double cleaved DNA

24
Q

Novobiocin

A

Anticoumerin Antibiotic
Inhibits DNA replication
Targets GryB of type II topoisomerase - stabilises the intermediated therefore holds double cleaved DNA

25
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA sysnthesis - binds to B subunit of DNA dependent RNA polymerase and prevents elongation, alos binds to RNA transport tunnel and prevents exit
Used against mycobacterium tuberculosis

26
Q

Bleomycins

A

Also used in Cancer therapy, metal chetalating glycoprotein agent, interacts with iron close to DNA creating free radicals which act to fragment DNA by acting on phosphodiesterase backbone

27
Q

Daunomycin

A

Also used in cancer therapy, non-covalently interacts with the DNA, intercalates between strands disrupting major and minor grooves

28
Q

Mitomycin C

A

Covalently interacts with the DNA, alkylating agent, causes cross-links between guanine residues preventing strand separation
Must be reduced before action therefore selective to hypoxic environments - tumour !

29
Q

Co-Trimoxazole

A

Combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, inhibits folic acid synthesis

30
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Anti-metabolite, inhibits di-hydropterate synthase essential in folic acid synthesis

31
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Anti-metabolite, inhibits dihyrodfolate reductase essential in folic acid synthesis

32
Q

Valinomycin

A

Peptide antibiotic
Targets cell membrane - very hydrophobic, acts to form circular structures in membrane which function as K+ uniporters, disrupts membrane potential, and signalling
Lack of specificity for bacteria

33
Q

Gramicidin A

A

Peptide antibiotic
Targets cell membrane - dimerises at surface and forms transmembrane ion channel for monovalent cations, disrupting membrane potential, movement of H+ also disrupts pH and proton gradient
Limited specificity for bacteria

34
Q

Polymixin E

A

Targets Gram -ve bacterial cell envelope, makes envelope leaky to ions
Extremely +ve therefore targets Lipid A
Used in treatment of multi drug resistance

35
Q

Nystatin

A

Forms ion channels within ergosterol cell membrane, mainly found on Fungi

36
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Forms ion channels within the ergosterol cell membrane, mainly found on fungi

37
Q

Fluconazole

A

Targets Ergosterol biosynthesis

Pharmocology (10 decks)

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