Cardiovascular Medications Flashcards
BENAZEPRIL HCL
Lotensin
ACE Inhibitor
Used to treat HTN
Often in combination w/ thiazide diuretics
Indomenthacin may decrease therapeutic effects
Avoid salt substitutes containing K b/c of K-sparing effect
Avoid non-prescription cough medications unless directed
Preg Cat D
Side effects:
Angioedema, Cough, HA, Dizziness, Fatigue
CAPTOPRIL
Capoten
ACE Inhibitors
Treatment of HTN, CHF, Left ventricular dysfunction after MI, diabetic neuropathy
Contact DR: fever, skin rash, sore throat, mouth sores, swelling of hands or feet, fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, or cough
Take on empty stomach, 1 hr before meals or 2 hr after
May crush tablets and mix with juice or soft food
Loss of taste might last for first 2-3 mo
Avoid changing positions rapidly, esp during first few days
Do not use OTC meds
Avoid potassium supplements and potassium salt substitute
Preg Cat First Semester C, Second Semester D
Side Effects:
Broncho-spams, dyspnea, cough, orthostatic HTN, dizziness, tachycardia, loss of taste
ENALAPRIL
Vasotec
ACE Inhibitors
Treatment of HTN, CHF, left ventricular dysfunction
Contact Dr: fever, skin rash, sore throat, mouth sores, swelling of hands or feet, fast or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, or cough
Avoid changing positions rapidly, esp during first few days
Cardiovascular adverse reactions may reoccur
Do not use OTC medications
Avoid potassium supplements and potassium salt substitute
Preg Cat First Semester C, Second Semester D
Side Effects:
HA, Dizziness, Hypotension, tachycardia, tinnitus, hyperkalemia, angioedema, persistent cough
FOSINOPRIL
Monopril
ACE Inhibitors
Treatment of HTN, adjunct in treating CHF when not responding to usual meds
Take same time each day
Peaks 2-6 hr
Initial response might include dizziness and lightheadedness
Avoid salt substitutions containing K+
Change positions slowly
Contact Dr: Sore throat, swelling of hands and feet, chest pain, mouth sores, irregular heartbeat
Preg Cat C 1st Tri, Preg Cat D 2nd & 3rd Try
Side Effects:
HA, Dizziness, Fatigue, N/V, Diarrhea, Angioedema, Hepatic Failure, Cough
LISINOPRIL
Prinivil, Zestril
ACE Inhibitors
Treatment of mild to moderate HTN, systolic CHF, acute MI
Change positions slowly
May take w/o regard to food
Avoid high sodium foods (canned soups, lunch meets, cheese)
Avoid high potassium foods (bananas, citrus fruits, raisins)
Preg Cat 1st Tri C, 2ns Tri D
Side Effects:
HA, Dizziness, N/V, Diarrhea, HTN, Tachycardia, Fatigue, SIADH, Cough
RAMIPRIL
Altace
ACE Inhibitors
Treatment of HTN, CHF following MI, reduce risk of death from CV causes in patients with risk factors
Can mix capsule contents with water, juice, or applesauce
Change positions slowly
Contact Dr: persistent dry non productive cough, increased SOB, edema, unusual bleeding or busing
Avoid salt substitutes containing K+
Peg Cat C 1st Tri, Cat D 2nd & 3rd
Side Effects:
HA, Hypotension, Dizziness, Vertigo, Nausea, Cough, Fatigue
DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE
Cardura
Alpha Blockers
Treatment of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia
Change positions slowly
Can have first dose syncope, maintain recumbent for 90 minutes
Full therapeutic effects may require several weeks of therapy
Avoid high sodium, foods
Use caution in potentially hazardous activities until stabilized
Avoid alcohol & smoking
Wear medical info tag
Preg Cat C
Side Effects:
Dizziness, HA, Fatigue, Malaise, Priapism (rare)
PRAZOSIN HCL
Minipress
Alpha Blockers
Treatment of HTN
Onset 2 hr, peak 1-3 hr, lasts 6-12 hr
Can have first dose syncope, take first dose at bedtime, do not drive for 24 hrs
Full therapeutic effects may require 4-6weeks of therapy
Food may delay absorption
Change positions slowly
Check with Dr before using OTC medication
Preg Cat C
Side Effects:
Dizziness, N/V, Diarrhea, Drowsiness, HA, Palpitations, Syncope
TERAZOSIN HCL
Hytrin
Alpha Blockers Treatment of HTN, BPH Change positions slowly Can have first dose syncope, take first dose at bedtime, do not drive or operate machinery for 4 hours Peg Cat C
Side Effects:
Dizziness, HA, Drowsiness, Nausea, Weakness, Syncope
VALSARTAN
Diovan
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Treatment of HTN, treatment of CHF in patients who cannot take an ACE inhibitor, reduction of cardiovascular mortality in patients with left ventricular failure or left ventricular dysfunction after MI
Take once daily for HTN, twice for CHF
Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium
Monitor blood creatinine, may decrease kidney function
May have cross allergy to sulfonamides
Preg Cat D
Side Effects:
HA, Dizziness, excessive tiredness, fatigue, stomach back or joint pain, N/V, diarrhea, hypotension, viral infection, cough, flu symptoms, high blood creatinine, rash, vasculitis
VALSARTAN HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Diovan HCT
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Treatment of HTN, CHF in patients who can't take an ACE Inhibitor Take once daily for HTN, twice for CHF Avoid salt substitutes containing K+ Monitor blood sugars -- may cause hyperglycemia NSAIDs may reduce effects May cause exacerbation of SLE May have cross allergy to sulfonamides Preg Cat D
Side Effects:
HA, Dizziness, Excessive tiredness, Fatigue, Stomach, back or joint pain, N/V, Diarrhea, hypotension, viral infection, cough, flu symptoms, high creatinine, Rash, Blurred vision, nasopharyngitis, tinnitus, vertigo, GI distress, male sexual dysfunction
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE
Isordil
Anti-anginals
Treatment/ prophylaxis of angia pectoris, CHF
PO: 1hr before food, 2 after
Taking with food – may reduce or eliminate HA
For chewables – hold in mouth for 2 minutes
Sublingual: dissolve under tongue, do not eat, drink, talk or smoke
Go to ER if not relieved in 15 min
Change positions slowly
Avoid alcohol, smoking, strenuous exercise in hot environments
Wear medical info tag
Preg Cat C
Side Effects:
Dizziness, postural hypotension, vascular headache, flusing, drowsiness, nausea, lightheadedness
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE
Ismo
Anti-anginals
Treatment or prophylaxis of angina pectoris
PO: 1hr before food, 2 after
Taking with food – may reduce or eliminate HA
For chewables – hold in mouth for 2 minutes
Sublingual: dissolve under tongue, do not eat, drink, talk or smoke
Go to ER if not relieved in 15 min
Change positions slowly
Avoid alcohol, smoking, strenuous exercise in hot environments
Wear medical info tag
Preg Cat C
Side Effects:
Dizziness, postural hypotension vascular HA, flushing, drowsiness, nausea
NITROGLYCERINE
Nitro-Par, Nitrostat
Anti-anginals
Treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris, IV used for control of BP during surgery & CHF associated with acute MI
Take every 6-12hr on an empty tummy
Sublingual- Let dissolve under tongue, dont swallow saliva
Spray- Hold vertically and spray under tongue, close mouth immediately
Ointment- Spread on skin in a thin layer
Transdermal- Apply to clean, hairless skin
Go to ER if not relieved w/ 3 tablets in 15 minutes
Wear medical info tag
Preg Cat C
Side Effects:
Transient HA, postural hypotension, flushing
AMIODARONE HCL
Cardarone, Pacerone
Anti-arrhythmics
Management of ventricular arrhythmias unresponsive to less toxic agents
IV: continuous cardiac monitoring
Assess for signs of pulmonary toxicity: rales/crackles, decreased breath sounds, pleuritic friction rub, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, pleuritic pain, fever
Neurotoxicity
SE may takes weeks or months or years– can persists months after stopping the med
Teach pt to check radial pulse
Use sunscreen & protective clothing
May increase ALT/AST
Preg Cat D
Side Effects:
Dizziness, fatigue, malaise, corneal microdeposits, bradycardia, hypotesion, anorexia, constipation, photosensitivity, neurologic dysfunction, muscle weakness, cardiac arrest, N/V
