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Pharmacology > Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Anti-Infectives Flashcards

1
Q

AMIKACIN, GENTAMICIN, TOBRAMYCIN

Amikin, Garamycin, Tobrex

A

Treatment of severe systemic infections of CNS, respiratory, GI, GU, bone, skin, soft tissue and acute PID
IV over 30 min to 1 hr
IM deep and slow injection
NEVER subcut
Careful monitoring of blood levels, peak 2 hours after
Monitor for signs of superinfection
Immediately report hearing or balance problems
Encourage fluids
Preg Cat D

Side Effects:
Use when preggo -- bilateral congenital deafness
Ototoxcitiy cranial nerve 9
Nepthrotoxicity
Fever, difficulty breathing, rash
Vertigo
Tinnintus
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2
Q

AMPHOTERICIN B

Abelcet, Amphotec, Fungizone

A

Do not mix
Treatment of histoplasmosis, skin infections, septicemia, meningitis in HIV+
Monitor VS, fever, change in nervous system
Check for hypokalemia
Meticulous care and observation of injection site
Weight pros and cons
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
Blood, kidney, heart and liver abnormalities, GI upset, Hypokalemia, muscle pain CNS disturbance, inefficient hearing, skin irritation, rash, fever, malaise, hypo-tension, HA, nephrotoxicity

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3
Q

FLUCONAZOLE

Diflucan

A

Treat vaginal, esophageal, or systemic candidiasis
Prothrombin time increased after use of warfarin
Take missed dose ASAP, do not double dose
Monitor glucose levels
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Nausea, HA, abdominal pain, diarrhea, taste distortion

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4
Q

HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

Plaquenil

A

Anti-malarias
Management of malaria, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
Peak 1-2 hr
Same time each day
Give with meat to decrease GI distress
Start 2wk before exposure, continue 4-6 weeks after
Preg C

Side Effects:
Eye disturbances
N/V
Anorexia
Rash, HA
Loss of hair
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5
Q

QUININE SULFATE

A 
Treatment of malaria, nocturnal leg cramps
Peak 1-3 hr
Take at the same time
Avoid OTC cold meds, tonic water
May increase digoxin
OTC
Preg Cat X

Side effects:
Eye disturbances
N/V
Anorexia

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6
Q

METRONIDAZOLE

Flagyl

A 
Anti-protozoals
Treatment of a wide variety of infections, including trichomoniasis and giardiasis
IV- immediate onset
PO- peak 1-2hr
Urine may turn dark reddish-brown
Treatment of both partners 
DO NOT DRINK 
Preg Cat B
Side Effects:
HA
Dizziness
N/V, diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Metallic taste
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7
Q

ISONIAZID

INH

A

Anti-tuberculars
Prevention and treatment of TB
Contact physician for signs of hepatitis: yellow eyes and skin, N/V, anorexia, dark urine, unusual tiredness or weakness
Contact for signs of peripheral neuorpathy: numbness, tingling or weakness
Monitor liver tests
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Peripheral neuropathy
Liver Damage

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8
Q

ACYCLOVIR

Zovirax

A 
Antiviral
Treatment of herpes, varicella
Do not break, crush or chew 
Take dose soon as missed
Contact if sore throat, fever, fatigue (superinfection)
May cause acute renal failure 
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Preg Cat B
Side Effects:
HA
Bloody dysrasias
N/V
Diarrhea
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9
Q

OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE

Tamiflu

A 
Antiviral
Used as prohylaxis in adults for the flu
Treat uncomplicated acute flu symptoms 
Not a substitute for the vaccination
May be taken without regard to meals
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
N/V, Dizziness
HA, Fatigue, Cough

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10
Q

VALACYCLOVIR HCL

Valtrex

A 
Antiviral
Treatment of general herpes
Treat herpes zoster (shingles)
Treat herpes labialis (cold sores)
Drink lots of fluids
Avoid sexual contact when visible
Caution in pregnancy and nursing mothers 
Side Effects:
N/V, diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
HA
Rash, fatigue, dizziness
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11
Q

ZIDOVUDINE

AZT, Retrovir

A

Antiviral
Management of HIV infections and prevention of HIV following needlestick
GI upset and insomnia resolve after 3-4 weeks
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Fever, HA, malasie
N/V, diarrhea
Dizziness
Insomnia
Dyspepsia
Anorexia
Rash
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12
Q

CEFADROXIL

Duricef

A

Cephalosporins, 1st
Treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections, otitis media, tonsillitis and UTIs
Take 10-14 days to prevent a super infection
Possible cross-allergy to penicillin
False positive results of urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
Diarrhea, Rash, Angioedema

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13
Q

CEPHALEXIN

Keflex

A

Cephalosporins, 1st
Treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections, otitis media, and bone infections
Take 10-14 days to prevent a super infection
Possible cross-allergy to penicillin
False positive results of urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
Diarrhea, Rash, Angioedema, HA, anaphylaxis

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14
Q

CEFACLOR

Ceclor

A

Cephalosporins, 1st
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone, joint and skin infections, otitis media
Take for 10-14 days to prevent super infection
False positive results for urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: Diarrhea

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15
Q

CEFOTETAN

A

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone, joint and skin infections, GYN and gonococcal infections, intra-abdominal infections
IM/ IV – peak 1.5-3hr
Avoid alcohol
False elevated serum or urine creatinine
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
Diarrhea, Rash, Nausea

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16
Q

CEFOXITIN

Mefoxin

A

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone, joint and skin infections, GYN and gonococcal infections, peritonitis, septicemia
Take for 10 -14 days to prevent super infection
Avoid alcohol
Eat yogurt or buttermilk to maintain intestinal flora
May cause false positive urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: Diarrhea, Rash

17
Q

CEFPROZIL

Cefzil

A

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of pharyngitis/tonsillitis, otitis media, seondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis and acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis
Take for 10-14 days to prevent super infection
May cause false positive Coombs test, elevated ALT and AST, urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: Diarrhea, Rash

18
Q

CEFUROXIME

Ceftin, Zinacef

A

Cephalosporins, 2nd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, bone and skin infections, gonococcal infections, meningitis, septicemia
Take 10-14 days to prevent super infection
May cause increased BUN and creatinine
False positive urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: diarrhea, rash

19
Q

CEFDINIR

Omnicef

A

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, skin infections
Take 10-14 days to prevent super infection
Do not give antacids or iron supplements within 2 hr
False positive for urine ketones or glucose
May cause increase GGT
Preg Cat B

Side effects:
N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, rash, HA, vaginal yeast infection

20
Q

CEFEPIME

Maxipime

A

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary, and skin infections
False positive Coombs test, urine glucose
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Anorexia, Rash
HA, Elevated liver function tests

21
Q

CEFOTAXIME

Claforan

A 
Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of respiratory tract, intra-abodminal/GYN infections, gonococcal infections, meningitis, septicemia, bacteremia
Monitor for super infection
Yogurt or buttermilk may help
Monitor I/O
Falsely elevated creatinine 
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Rash, Anorexia

22
Q

CEFPODOXIME

Vantin

A

Cephalosporins, 3rd
Treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections, otitis media, and STD infections
Take for 10-14 days to prevent super infection
Give 1 or 2 hours after antacid
Give with food to promote absorption
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Anorexia
Cough, Urticaria

23
Q

CIPROFLOXACIN

Cipro

A 
Fluoroquinolones
Treatment of infection caused by E. Coli and other bacteria, chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute sinusitis, postexposure inhalation anthrax
Contraindicated in children less than 18
Take 2 hr before or after antacid
Avoid caffine
Encourage fluids
False positive in opiate screening tests
Do not infuse with other medications 
Preg Cat C
Side Effects:
Seizures, N/V, Diarrhea
Abdominal distress, gas
Rash, photosensitive
Tendon rupture, muscle tear
CNS Side effects
24
Q

LEVOFLOXACIN

Levaquin

A

Fluoroquinolones
Treatment of infections like endocarditis, TB, anthrax, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and infections involving the sinus, urinary tract, kidney, prostate or skin
Infused injection over 60-90 minutes
Teach to avoid sunlamps and tanning beds and to limit time to sun
Avoid activities that require alertness or coordination
Monitor for hepatotoxicity
May increase suicidal thoughts
Monitor blood sugar
Notify immediately if change in heartbeat
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
HA, N/V, Diarrhea, Constipation
Stomach pain, dizziness, heartburn, vaginal itching or discharge, tendon rupture
Irritation, pain, tenderness, redness, warmth, swelling at injection site
Seizures, confusion, rash, hallucination, paranoia
Angioedema

25
Q

VANCOMYCIN

Vancocin

A

Glycopeptides
Treatment of resistant staph infections, colitis, endocarditis, C Diff
IV best absorption, 60 min
Give antihistamine for “red man syndrome” - Decreased blood pressure, flushing on face
Signs of super infection: sore throat, fever, fatigue
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Liver Damage, Nephrotoxicity, Tinnitus or hearing loss

26
Q

CLINDAMYCIN HCL PHOSPHATE

Cleocin HCL, Cleocin Phosphate -IM

A 
Lincosamides
Treatment of infection caused by Staph, Strep and other organisms
PO: peak 45 min, lasts 6 hr
IM: peak 3 hr, lasts 8-12
Increase in AST, ALT, CPK
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
N/V, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Vaginitis, Rash, Jaundice

27
Q

AZITHROMYCYIN

Zithromax

A

Macrolides
Treatment of mild to moderate infections of the respiratry tract, skin, non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis, community acquired pneumonia
PO: Rapid, peak 2.5-3.2hr, lasts 24hr, do not take with antacids, take with or w/o food
IV: Rapid, peak at end of infusion, lasts 24 hrs
Monitor signs of super infection
May need treatment for sexual partners
Preg Cat B

Side Effects: N/V, Diarrhea

28
Q

CLARITHROMYCIN

Biaxin, Biaxin XL

A

Macrolides
Used for respiratory infections, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis
Treatment may be 7-14 days
Take with food
Possible increase in theophylline and carbamazepine
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Nausea, taste abnormalities, diarrhea, dyspepsia, HA

29
Q

ERTHYOMYCIN

Ery-Tab, Erythrocin

A

Macrolides
Treatment of infections, including clamydia, syphilis
PO: Avoid citrus juice, take with full glass of water, peak 4 hours, lasts 6-12
IV: Rapid onset, peak end of infusion, lasts 6-12
Take at equal intervals around the clock
Monitor signs of renal function
Can be used in patients with compromised renal function
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
Abdominal cramps, pain at injection site, N/V, Diarrhea, Rash, anaphylaxis

30
Q

AMOCILLIN, AMPICILLIN, PENICILLIN

A

Penicillins
Treatment of repsiratroy infections, scarlet fever, otitis media, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, gonorrhea
Take careful hx of penicillin reaction, observe 20 min
Take equally divided doses around the clock
Continue medication for entire time prescribed
Check for hypersensitivity to other drugs
Preg Cat B

Side Effects:
Allergic reactions: fever, difficulty breathing, skin rash
Renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities
N/V, Diarrhea

31
Q

TRIMETHOPRIM- SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

Bactrim, Septra

A

Sulfonamides
Treatment of UTI, chancroid, acute otitis media, acute and chronic prostatitis, shigellosis, pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, traveler’s diarrhea
PO: take with full glass of water, take with food if upset stomach, take equal intervals around the clock
IV: solution must be given slowly over 60-90 minutes, flush at end
Monitor hypersensitivity
NEVER IM
Encourage fluids
Preg Cat C

Side Effects:
Hypersensitivity reaction, Blood Dyscrsias, photosensitive, N/V,
anorexia, Stomatitis, abdominal pain

32
Q

DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE

Vibramycin, Vibra-Tabs

A

Tetracyclines
Treatment of syphilis, clamydia, gonorrhea, chronic periodontitis, acne, anthrax, malaria prophylaxis
Peak 1.5-4hr
If upset stomach, admin with food, NO MILK PRODUCTS, or HIGH IN CA
Take with full glass of water, DO NOT take within 1 hr of bed, or reclining
Check tongue for infection
Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV light
Avoid during tooth and early development (4mo prenantal - 8 years)
Anticoagulant therapy may be needed
Preg Cat D

Side Effects:
Photosensitive, GI upset, diarrhea, renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, dental discoloration of baby teeth

33
Q

MINOCYCLINE HCL

Minocin

A

Tetracyclines
Treatment of clamydia, periodonitis, acne, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, respiratory tract infectioms, meningitis
Peak 2-3 hr
If upset stomach, admin with food, NO MILK PRODUCTS, or HIGH IN CA
Take with full glass of water, DO NOT take within 1 hr of bed, or reclining
Check tongue for infection
Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV light
Avoid during tooth and early development (4mo prenantal - 8 years)
Preg Cat D

Side Effects:
Photosensitive, GI upset, diarrhea, renal, hepatic, hematologic abnormalities, dental discoloration of baby teeth

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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