Cardiovascular health and exercise Flashcards
4 steps to prevent CVD
exercise,
eat healthy
lowering BP and cholesterol levels by losing weight
drinking in moderation and quitting smoking
Life’s simple 7 steps
- Don’t smoke
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain healthy body weight
- Eat healthy and in moderation
- Healthy cholesterol lipid profile: high in HDL and low in LDL
- Normal blood glucose levels
- 7-9 hours of sleep a night
Cardiovascular health (CVH)
the health of the heart and blood vessels
Prevalent CVD
- Coronary artery disease (#1 cause of CVD death)
- Stroke
- Heart failure
- Hypertension
- Peripheral cardiovascular disease
- Heart arrhythmia
- Heart valve problems
- Atherosclerosis
diseased arteries
Susceptible sites on the vasculature have been going through a process of subendothelial lipoprotein retention, vascular wall inflammation, & plaque formation
Coronary Heart Disease
-50% of all CVD related deaths are due to CAD
-blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries by plaque buildup, followed by plaque rapture, blood clot formation and blockage of blood flow
-the inability of blood and oxygen to reach part of the heart muscle may create local necrosis of the heart tissue and lead to heart failure
-increased heart rate during exercise = increased risk for CAD
Hypertension the silent partner of CVD
- BP control is regulated by varied physiological symptoms and their interactions
- This results in sustained elevated BP
- And subsequent remodeling of arteries
how exercise can improve CVH
- Increases autonomic HR control
- Increases SV and cardiac output
- Decreases arrhythmias
- Decreases cardiac fibrosis
- Reverse LV remodeling
- Increase mitochondrial function
- Increased epicardial coronary diameter
- Increased capillary density
- Less plaque deposition
- Improved coronary function
collateral circulation
blockages of one artery stimulates smaller arteries to form to keep up flow to the heart
Antiaging effects of aerobic exercise on systemic arteries
- Arterial stiffness is a barometer for CVD
- Exercise can prevent vascular stiffening and modify arterial stiffness
- Reverse vascular stiffening induced initially be the aging process
exercise induced cardiovascular improvements
- Increased oxygen delivery
- Increased mitochondrial biogenesis
- Causing long term anti-inflammatory effect
- Myokines: partially mediate the anti-Inflammatory effects and promote inter-tissue cross talk for further CV benefits
Blood lipid profile improves with exercise
- HDL-C increase 4.6%
- Reduction of LDL-C by 5%
- Reduction in triglycerides by 3.7%
Exercise reduces atherosclerotic risk factors
- Prevents and treats: elevated BP, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, elevated triglyceride concentration, low HDL-C, obesity
- Exercise + weight reduction = lower LDL and increase HDL
Transient and Long-term effects of exercise with BP reduction
- Reduce BP
- Post-exercise hypotension (PEH): one session of exercise leads to a ⇩ 3.2 mmHg for SP and 1.8 mmHg for diastolic (for about 2 hours). Some subjects with hypertension achieve normal BP values
- Three months of exercise-based lifestyle intervention may produce a reduction in blood pressure in older adults
Physiological affects of aerobic exercise on heart health
Increases: VO2 max, max stroke volume and cardiac output, LV end-diastolic volume, heart rate variability
Decreases: resting heart rate
- Remarkably, a lifelong, physically trained 80-year-old has comparable values for VO2max and muscle strength as a sedentary 50–55-yearold
