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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide class

A

Loop diuretic

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2
Q

Loop diuretic mechanism of action

A

inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle

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3
Q

Loop diuretic indication(s)

A

left ventricular heart failure, oedema

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4
Q

Loop diuretic adverse effect(s)

A

nausea, dizziness

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5
Q

Loop diuretic interaction(s)

A

NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors

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6
Q

Indapamide class

A

thiazide diuretic

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7
Q

Thiazide diuretic moa

A

decreases sodium and chloride reabsorption

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8
Q

Thiazide diuretic indications

A

hypertension

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9
Q

Thiazide diuretic adverse effects

A

electrolyte imbalance, exacerbation or precipitation of gout

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10
Q

Thiazide diuretic interactions

A

NSAIDs, digoxin

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11
Q

Bendroflumethiazide class

A

thiazide diuretic

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12
Q

Chlorthalidone class

A

thiazide diuretic

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13
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide class

A

thiazide diuretc

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14
Q

Spironolactone class

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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15
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic moa

A

mineralocorticoid receptor blockade

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16
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic indication

A

oedema, congestive heart failure

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17
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic adverse effects

A

GI effects

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18
Q

Potassium sparing diuretic interactions

A

NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors

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19
Q

Epleronone class

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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20
Q

Amiloride class

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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21
Q

Mannitol class

A

osmotic diuretic

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22
Q

Osmotic diuretic moa

A

elevates plasma osmolarity

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23
Q

Osmotic diuretic indications

A

cerebral oedema, intra-ocular pressure

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24
Q

Osmotic diuretic adverse effects

A

hypotension

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25
Q

Acetazolamide class

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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26
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor moa

A

reduces aqueous humour volume

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27
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor indication

A

intra-ocular pressure, open and acute angle glaucoma

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28
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor adverse effects

A

parasthesia

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29
Q

Ramipril class

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

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30
Q

Captopril class

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

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31
Q

ACE-inhibitor MoA

A

inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Blocks vasoconstriction.

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32
Q

ACE-inhibitor indication(s)

A

hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure

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33
Q

ACE-inhibitor adverse effect(s)

A

cough, hyperkalaemia

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34
Q

ACE-inhibitor interaction(s)

A

lithium, NSAIDs

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35
Q

Losartan class

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockaders (ARBs)

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36
Q

Valsartan class

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockaders (ARBs)

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37
Q

ARB MoA

A

Blocks angiotensin-renin system

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38
Q

ARB indication(s)

A

hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure

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39
Q

ARB adverse effect(s)

A

hypotension, fatigue

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40
Q

ARB interactions

A

diuretics

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41
Q

Sacubitril (plus valsartan)

A

Neprilysin inhibitor

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42
Q

Neprilysin inhibitor (plus ARB) MoA

A

Inhibition of natriuretic peptide breakdown

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43
Q

Neprilysin inhibitor (plus ARB) indication(s)

A

Heart failure (with reduced ejection fraction)

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44
Q

Neprilysin inhibitor (plus ARB) adverse effect(s)

A

hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia

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45
Q

Bisoprolol class

A

beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blocker)

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46
Q

Atenolol class

A

Beta-1 selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blocker)

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47
Q

Propranolol class

A

Beta-1 and Beta-2 beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blocker)

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48
Q

Beta-blocker MoA

A

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Negative inotropic/chronotropic agent

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49
Q

Beta-blocker indication(s)

A

Hypertension, stable angina, prophylaxis of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or fibrillation

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50
Q

Beta-blocker adverse effect(s)

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm

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51
Q

Beta-blocker interactions

A

NSAIDs, digoxin

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52
Q

Doxazosin class

A

Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist (alpha blocker)

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53
Q

Alpha blocker MoA

A

vasodilator, decreases total peripheral resistance

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54
Q

Alpha blocker indication(s)

A

Hypertension

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55
Q

Alpha blocker adverse effect(s)

A

Dizziness, headache

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56
Q

Alpha blocker interaction(s)

A

Hypotensive drugs

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57
Q

Amlodipine class

A

Calcium channel blocker

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58
Q

Nifedipine class

A

Calcium channel blocker

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59
Q

Diltiazem class

A

Calcium channel blocker

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60
Q

Calcium channel blocker MoA

A

Blockade of vascular smooth muscle contraction

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61
Q

Calcium channel blocker indication(s)

A

Hypertension, stable angina

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62
Q

Calcium channel blocker adverse effect(s)

A

Ankle swelling, oedema

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63
Q

Calcium channel blocker interaction(s)

A

Beta blockers, digoxin

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64
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) class

A

Nitrate

65
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) class

A

Nitrate

66
Q

Nitrate MoA

A

Nitric oxide release leading to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

67
Q

Nitrate indication(s)

A

Acute angina pectoris (GTN), heart failure

68
Q

Nitrate adverse effect(s)

A

Hypotension, headache

69
Q

Nitrate interaction(s)

A

Antihypertensives

70
Q

Adrenaline class

A

Sympathomimetics

71
Q

Dobutamine class

A

Sympathomimetics

72
Q

Noradrenaline class

A

Sympathomimetics

73
Q

Sympathomimetics MoA

A

Adrenergic stimulation, increased inotropy

74
Q

Sympathomimetics indication(s)

A

Cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock

75
Q

Sympathomimetics adverse effect(s)

A

Arrhythmia

76
Q

Aspirin class

A

Antiplatelet drug

77
Q

Clopidogrel class

A

Antiplatelet drug

78
Q

Aspirin MoA

A

Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis

79
Q

Clopidogrel MoA

A

Inhibition of platelet activation by ADP

80
Q

Antiplatelet drugs indication(s)

A

Primary and secondary relief for CVD, anticoagulant prophylaxis

81
Q

Antiplatelet drug adverse effect(s)

A

GI irritation and bleeding

82
Q

Antiplatelet drug interaction(s)

A

Anticoagulants

83
Q

Warfarin class

A

Anticoagulant - coumarin

84
Q

Warfarin MoA

A

Inhibition of Vitamin K epoxide reductase

85
Q

Warfarin indication(s)

A

DVT, prophylaxis of stroke from atrial fibrillation

86
Q

Warfarin adverse effect(s)

A

Abnormal bleeding

87
Q

Warfarin interaction(s)

A

Multiple, notably NSAIDs, diuretics

88
Q

Dabigatran class

A

Anticoagulant - direct thrombin inhibitor

89
Q

Dabigatran MoA

A

Inhibition of thrombin

90
Q

Dabigatran indication(s)

A

Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism post-surgery

91
Q

Dalteparin class

A

Anticoagulant - heparins

92
Q

Tinzaparin class

A

Anticoagulant - heparins

93
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Low molecular weight heparin

94
Q

Unfractionated heparins

A

Anticoagulant - heparins

95
Q

Heparins MoA

A

Inactivation of thrombin and Factor Xa via complexing antithrombin III

96
Q

Heparins indication(s)

A

Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

97
Q

Heparins adverse effect(s)

A

Abnormal bleeding

98
Q

Apixaban class

A

Anticoagulant - direct Factor Xa inhibitor

99
Q

Edoxaban class

A

Anticoagulant - direct Factor Xa inhibitor

100
Q

Rivaroxaban class

A

Anticoagulant - direct Factor Xa inhibitor

101
Q

Direct Factor Xa inhibitors MoA

A

Inhibition of Factor Xa in coagulation cascade

102
Q

Direct Factor Xa inhibitors indication(s)

A

Prophylaxis of stroke from atrial fibrillation, DVT

103
Q

Direct Factor Xa inhibitors adverse effect(s)

A

Abnormal bleeding

104
Q

Alteplase class

A

Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics

105
Q

Streptokinase class

A

Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics

106
Q

Urokinase class

A

Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics

107
Q

Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics MoA

A

Activation of plasminogen for proteolytic breakdown of thrombus fibrin

108
Q

Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics indication(s)

A

Myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke

109
Q

Simvastatin class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

110
Q

Atorvastatin class

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

111
Q

Statins MoA

A

Inhibition of mavelonate pathway required for cholesterol synthesis

112
Q

Statins indication(s)

A

Hypercholesterolaemia, risk of CVD and stroke

113
Q

Statins adverse effect(s)

A

Myalgia

114
Q

Statins interaction(s)

A

Verapamil, macrolides

115
Q

Disopyramide class

A

Class Ia sodium channel blocker

116
Q

Quinidine class

A

Class Ia sodium channel blocker

117
Q

Lidocaine class

A

Class Ib sodium channel blocker

118
Q

Flacainide class

A

Class Ic sodium channel blocker

119
Q

Propafenone class

A

Class Ic sodium channel blocker

120
Q

Class I sodium channel blocker MoA

A

Voltage sensitive sodium channel blockade. Prolong QT interval, increase QRS duration.

121
Q

Class Ia sodium channel blocker indication(s)

A

Ventricular and supra ventricular arrhythmias

122
Q

Class Ib sodium channel blocker indication(s)

A

CPR (used IV)

123
Q

Class Ic sodium channel blocker indication(s)

A

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and ventricular ectopic beats

124
Q

Class I sodium channel blocker adverse effect(s)

A

Oedema

125
Q

Atenolol class

A

Beta-blocker

126
Q

Bisoprolol class

A

Beta-blocker

127
Q

Metoprolol class

A

Beta-blocker

128
Q

Beta-blocker MoA

A

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (reduction in adrenergic effects on rate and inotropy)

129
Q

Beta-blocker Indications

A

Prophylaxis of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or fibrillation

130
Q

Beta-blocker Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension

131
Q

Amiodarone class

A

Potassium channel blocker

132
Q

Dronedarone class

A

Potassium channel blocker

133
Q

Sotalol class

A

Potassium channel blocker

134
Q

Potassium channel blocker MoA

A

Potassium channel blockade

135
Q

Potassium channel blocker indications

A

Supraventricular, nodal and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrial fibrillation

136
Q

Potassium channel blocker adverse effects

A

Nausea, vomiting

137
Q

Verapamil class

A

Calcium channel blocker

138
Q

Diltiazem class

A

Calcium channel blocker

139
Q

Calcium channel blocker MoA

A

Cardiac calcium channel blockade - reduction of action potential and cardiac output

140
Q

Calcium channel blocker indications

A

Supraventricular tachycardia (especially paroxysmal SVT)

141
Q

Verapamil adverse effects

A

Hypotension

142
Q

Diltiazem adverse effects

A

Constipation

143
Q

Digoxin class

A

Cardiac glycosides

144
Q

Digoxin MoA

A

Reduces conductivity of AV node

145
Q

Digoxin indications

A

Arrhythmias - atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure

146
Q

Digoxin adverse effects

A

Fatigue, nausea

147
Q

Adenosine class

A

Adenosine

148
Q

Adenosine MoA

A

Activates adenosine receptor - causes hyperpolarization, slows conduction through AV node

149
Q

Adenosine indications

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

150
Q

Adenosine adverse effects

A

Nausea

151
Q

Adenosine contraindications

A

Obstructive airway disease

152
Q

Atropine class

A

Antimuscarinic

153
Q

Atropine MoA

A

Blockade of vagal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

154
Q

Atropine indications

A

Emergency bradycardia

155
Q

Atropine adverse effects

A

Urinary retention

156
Q

IV Magnesium Sulfate class

A

Magnesium

157
Q

IV Magnesium Sulfate MoA

A

Unclear - possible alteration of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ion balance via ion channels and transporters

158
Q

IV Magnesium Sulfate indications

A

Emergency arrhythmia (also emergency asthma)

159
Q

IV Magnesium Sulfate adverse effects

A

Electrolyte irregularities

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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