Cardiovascular drugs

Question 1

For the treatment of hypertension in a black patient or any patient over 55 years, what is the first line treatment for hypertension?

Answer 1

Calcium channel blocker

Question 2

In a patient is under 55 years old and not black, what is the first line of treatment for hypertension?

Answer 2

ACE inhibitor

Question 3

If a patient is being treated for hypertension using an ACE inhibitor, yet they suffer from a dry cough, which other treatment can they be moved to?

Answer 3

Angiotensin receptor blocker

ARBs

Question 4

What is stage two treatment for any patient with hypertension?

Answer 4

Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitor (or ARB)

Question 5

What is stage three treatment for any patient being treated for hypertension?

Answer 5

Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitor (or ARB) + Thiazide-like diuretic

Question 6

What is the stage 4 treatment, for what is now resistant hypertension?

Answer 6

Calcium channel blocker + ACE inhibitor (or ARB) + Thiazide-like diuretic +further diuretic or. alpha blocker or beta blocker
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Question 7

How do diuretics work?

Answer 7

They block sodium reabsorption in the kidney allowing blood pressure to be reduced as the osmotic effect is now less “into” the blood and blood volume is reduced

Question 8

Thiazide diuretics are used in which condition?

Answer 8

Hypertension

These diuretics are the milder diuretics

Question 9

Give an example of a thiazide diuretic used in hypertension?

Answer 9

Bendrofluazide

Question 10

What is the name given to the stronger variant of diuretics?

Answer 10

Loop diuretics

Question 11

What are loop diuretics used to treat?

Answer 11

Heart failure

Question 12

Give an example of a loop diuretic

Answer 12

Furosemide

Question 13

What are cardio selective beta blockers?

Answer 13

Beta blockers that only block B1 adrenoceptors

Question 14

Give an example of a selective (B1) beta blocker

Answer 14

Atenolol

Question 15

Beta blocker should never be used to treat heart conditions when the patient has what other condition?

Answer 15

Asthma

Question 16

Beta blockers are used to treat which 3 heart conditions?

Answer 16

1. Angina
2. Hypertension- not first line
3. Heart failure

Question 17

What are the two main types of calcium channel antagonists ?

Answer 17

1. Dihydropridines

2. Rate limiting calcium antagonists

Question 18

Give an example of a dihydropyridine

Answer 18

Amlodipine

Question 19

Give example of rate limiting calcium antagonists

Answer 19

• Verapamil

- Diltiazem

Question 20

Rate limiting calcium antagonists should not be used with which other drug class and why?

Answer 20

Beta blockers

Together they have a strong influence on the AV node and can cause heart block

Question 21

What are dihydroyridines used to treat?

Answer 21

• Hypertension

- Angina

Question 22

rate limiting calcium antagonists are used to treat which conditions ?

Answer 22

• Hypertension
• Angina
• Supraventricular arythmias

Question 23

How do alpha blockers work?

Answer 23

They can block alpha adrenoceptors allowing for vasodilation

Question 24

Alpha blockers are used to treat which conditions?

Answer 24

• Hypertension - not first line and considered late on

- Prostatic hypertrophy