Cardiovascular drugs Flashcards
Why is GTN tablet uncommonly used nowadays?
It is light sensitive do has a very short shelf life
What is the most common side effect of GTN?
Headaches
Why are Nitrates only given twice a day?
They generate a tolerance and efficacy is lost. You must have at least 8 hours where there is no drug in the body
Give an example of a cardio selective beta blocker?
Atenolol
What is meant by a cardio selective beta blocker?
A beta blocker which only binds to beta 1 adrenoceptors on the heart rather than beta 2 receptors in the airways and smooth muscle arterioles.
Give an example of a none selective beta blocker?
Propranolol
Give 2 calcium channel blockers which act on L type calcium channels in the heart
Verapamil and diltiazem
What are the side effects of L type calcium channel blockers?
Ankle oedema and arrythmias (bradycardia and heart block)
Give an example of a dihydropyridine and what is it used for?
Amlodipine- Smooth muscle calcium channel blocker used in hypertension
What is Ivabradine used for and how does it work?
Heart failure
Off loads the heart by inhibiting funny current channels in the SA node
Why will ivabradine only work when the patient is in sinus rhythm?
Because it acts on the SA node
What is the side effect of ivabradine ?
Blurred vision
Blue flickering vision
Give an example of a K ATP channel opener and what is i used for?
Nicorandil used in angina
What is the side effect of nicorandil?
Mouth ulcers which can spread to the GI tract causing fistulas
Give an example of a late sodium channel modulator, how does it work and what is it used for?
Ranolazine
Acts metabolocally to reduce the load of the heart
Used in angina uncontrolled by other medications
What are the side effects of spironolactone?
Vomiting, diahorroea, headache, gynecomastia and erectile dysfunction
What drug can be used if a patient cannot tolerate beta blockers for arrhythmia?
Digoxin
What is spironolactone used for and how does it work?
Used in heart failure as it blocks aldosterone
Why do beta blockers cause worsening of intermittent claudication?
They block the beta 2 receptors in the smooth muscle arterioles preventing dilation (non selective)
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
Erectile dysfunction in men. Bronchospasm and heart block
What drugs are given in a NSTEMI?
1) Asprin
2) Clopidogrel/Ticagrelor/Prasugel
3) Fondaparinux
4) Beta blocker
5) IV GTN
6) Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibators
What is used to acutely manage STEMI?
Morphine IV and antiemitic Oxygen if hypoxic Nitrates Asprin 300mg Clopidigrel 300mg/ Ticagrelor 180mg
Give 2 examples of antiemitics used in the management of acute MI?
Metoclopramide
Cyclazine
