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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for blood pressure

A

Cardiac Output X Systemic Vascular Resistance

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2
Q

Expanded formula for blood pressure

A

(Heart rate X Stroke Volume) X Systemic Vascular Resistance

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3
Q

First line drug for essential hypertension

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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4
Q

Used for hypertension with comorbid CHF/DM.

SE: Cough, angioedema

Contraindicated in bilateral RAS

A

Captopril

ACE inhibitors

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5
Q

Used in ACE inhibitor intolerance, and for chronic HF

A

Losartan

ARBs

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6
Q

Hypertension with comorbid BPH

A

Prazosin

Alpha-1 antagonist

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7
Q

Pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication)

SE: hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs test)

A

Methyldopa

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8
Q

Pre-eclampsia (acute BP lowering)

SE: Reflex tachycardia, drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine

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9
Q

Hypertensive emergency

SE: Hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil

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10
Q

Hypertensive emergency

SE: Cyanide poisoning

A

Nitroprusside

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11
Q

Portion of the electron transport chain affected by cyanide

A

Complex IV

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12
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

Inhaled amyl nitrate + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate

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13
Q

Relief of acute anginal attacks

SE: Headache

A

ISDN

NTG

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14
Q

Angina maintenance
Vascular > cardiac effect

SE: Flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine

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15
Q 
Angina maintenance
Cardiac > vascular effect
Vasospastic angina
Reynaud's phenomenon
Does not cause gingival hyperplasia
A

Diltiazem

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16
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia
Cardiac > vascular effect

SE: Gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

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17
Q

Why is calcium-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCB?

A

CCBs block L-type calcium channels. Other functions use N-, P-, and R-types

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18
Q

Drugs which can cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Cyclosporine
Nifedipine
Phenytoin
Verapamil

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19
Q

Positive inotrope for heart failure

SE: Arrhythmias (PVC, AVB), red-green color blindness, yellow visual halos

A

Digoxin (Na-K-ATPase pump)

20
Q

Treatment of pulmonary edema in CHF

A

Furosemide

21
Q

First line drug for chronic CHF
Cardio protective
Renoprotective

A

ACE-I, ARB

22
Q

Improves survival (decreases mortality) in CHF

A

ACE-I or ARBs
Beta-blockers
Spironolactone

23
Q

Decreases hospitalizations in CHF

A

Digoxin

24
Q

Improves survival in CHF patients of African-American descent

A

Hydralazine + ISDN

25
Q

Drugs shown to improve survival in cases of HF

A

ACE Inhibitors
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists

26
Q

Treatment of all types of arrthymias
WPW syndrome

SE: Drug-induced lupus

A

Procainamide (Class IA)

27
Q

SE: Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus, vertigo)

A

Quinidine (Class IA)

28
Q

Post-MI arrhythmias
Digitalis poisoning

SE: Seizures

A

Lidocaine, Phenytoin, Mexiletine, Tocainide

Class IB

29
Q

Contraindicated post-MI

Refractory arrthymias

A

Flecainide, Propafenone, Encainide, Moricizine (Class IC)

30
Q

Perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias

SVT

A

Esmolol (Class II)

31
Q

SE: Dose-dependent torsades de pointes

A

Sotalol (Class III)

32
Q

Most efficacious antiarrhythmic

SE: Skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, hyper/hypothyroidism

A

Amiodarone

33
Q

Outpatient management of SVT

SE: Gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

34
Q

Effects of Class I antiarrhythmics on action potential

A

Class IA: Prolongs
Class IB: Shortens
Class IC: No effect

35
Q

Amiodarone toxicity

A

PCS PTT

Paresthesia
Corneal deposits
Skin deposits

Pulmonary fibrosis
Tremors
Thyroid dysfunction

36
Q

Why are dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers not useful as antiarrhythmics?

A

Vascular > cardiac effect

Dihydropyridine CCBs evoke compensatory sympathetic discharge which facilitates arrhythmias rather than terminating them.

37
Q

Acts on PCT
Treatment of glaucoma and mountain sickness

SE: NAGMA, hepatic encephalopathy

A

Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Methazolamide (Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

38
Q

Acts on TAL
Treatment of pulmonary edema
Most efficacious diuretic

SE: Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

A

Furosemide, Bumetanide, Tosemide, Ethacrynic Acid (Loop Diuretics)

39
Q

Acts on DCT

SE: Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia

A

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone, Bendroflumethiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Methylclothiazide, Polythiazide, Quinethazone, Trichlormethiazide (Thiazide Diuretics)

40
Q

Acts on CCD

SE: Gynecomastia, hyperkalemia

A

Spironolactone, Eplerenone (Aldosterone Antagonists)

41
Q

Acts on PCT, DCT, and CCD
Treatment of rhabdomyolysis and increased ICP
Contraindicated in heart failure

A

Mannitol, Glycerin, Isosorbide, Urea (Osmotic Diuretics)

42
Q

Causes of HAGMA

A

“MUDPILES CAT”

Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde, Phenformin
Isoniazid, Iron, Inborn errors of metabolism
Lactic Acid
Ethanol, Ethylene Glycol
Salicylate

Carbon monoxide, cyanide, congenital heart failure
Aminoglycosides
Toluene, Theophylline

43
Q

Causes of NAGMA

A

“HARDUP”

Hyperalimentation
Acetazolamide
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Urethral diversion
Pancreatic fistula
44
Q

Adverse effects associated with loop diuretics

A

” OH DANG”

Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout
45
Q

Adverse effects of thiazides diuretics

A

“Hyper GLUC”

Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperurecemia
Hypercalcemia

46
Q

Drugs causing gynecomastia

A

“Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers”

Spironolactone
Digoxin
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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