Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
What is the main function of Class I agents
Na channel blockers decrease rate of depolarization
Quinidine
Depresses muscle function - anticholinergic effects - speed HR
CNS: tinnitus, altered color vision
GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Procainamide
Doesn’t enter CNS
Lupus-like syndrome in slow acetylators
Disopyramide
Strong antimuscarinic effects - DUMBBELS
Lidocaine
1st pass effect - give IV
Can enter CNS
Mexileine
Like lidocaine without 1st pass effect
What is the main function of Class II agents
Block beta receptors in the heart - decrease HR
Propranolol
Decrease pacemaker firing rate, HR and BP
Metoprolol
More selective beta1 blocker
Osmolol
More rapid onset of action
What are side effects of Class II agents
Bradycardia, hypotension and asthma
What are the 3 Class III agents
K channel blockers
Sotalol, amiodarone, dronedarone
Sotalol
Beta and K channel blocker
Amiodarone
Acts like all 4 classes
S.E.: pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, skin deposits
Dronedarone
Fewer side effects than amiodarone but less efficacious
Main function of Class IV agents
Ca channel blockers - increase refractory period
What are 3 Class IV agents
Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine
Adenosine
Binds to adenosine receptor and decreases firing rate of AV node
Given IV - short half life
Nitroglycerin
1st pass effect - sublingual
Rapidly dilates all blood vessels
S.E.: hypotension, skin flushing, headache
Rapid tolerance
Isosorbide dinitrate
Slow release nitrate formulation for angina
2 groups of agents that decrease heart work
Beta blockers and Ca channel blockers
Digoxin
Inhibits ATPase preventing loss of Ca so cells has greater contractility
CNS: yellow-green tinting, hallucinations, nausea
Enhanced in hypokalemia
Dobutamine
beta1 agonist that increases force of contraction
4 best treatments for CHF
ACE inhibitors: decrease BP and fluid retention
Beta blockers: decrease HR
Vasodilators: decrease BP
Diuretics: decrease fluid retention
