Anemia

Question 1

Microcytic anemia characteristics

Answer 1

Relative lack of Fe

RBCs are small and pale

Question 2

Microcytic anemia etiologies

Answer 2

Decreased Fe uptake -diet
Decreased absorption - low HCl
Increased Fe requirements - pregnancy, body growth, renal disease
Excessive loss of Fe - chronic blood loss

Question 3

Treatment of microcytic anemia

Answer 3

FeSO4 orally

Question 4

Macryocytic anemia characteristics

Answer 4

Large RBC precursors with multilobed nuclei due to inhibition of DNA synthesis
Folic acid deficiency

Question 5

Folic acid deficiency etiologies

Answer 5

Dietary intake
Drugs can inhibit active form
Increased requirements - pregnancy, renal dialysis
In pregnancy -> neural tube defects

Question 6

B12 deficiency symptoms

Answer 6

Megaloblastic anemia

Decreased myelin synthesis - neuronal damage

Question 7

B12 deficiency etiologies

Answer 7

Decreased absorption - lacking ability to make GIF necessary for B12 absorption

Question 8

Anemias due to chronic renal failure or chemotherapy - 3

Answer 8

Epoietin alfa, darbepoietin, peginesatide

Toxicities: increased BP, clotting, myocardial infarction, stroke

Question 9

Hemolytic anemia characteristics

Answer 9

Abnormal lysis of RBCs

Treat with erythropoietin

Question 10

Hydroxyurea

Answer 10

Sickle cell anemia
Increase formation of fetal Hb
S.E.: mutagenic, pregnancy category D