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Drug List > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?

A

Aspirin is an NSAID that irreversibly inhibits COX-1 (and COX-2), producing prostaglandins.
It is an acetylating agent and attaches an acetylene group to the active site of a COX enzyme.

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2
Q

When would Aspirin be prescribed?

A

Aspirin can be used to alleviate arthritic and menstrual pain or reduce fever.
It also prevents blood clotting so is useful for patients with atherosclerosis or angina due to CHD.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amlodipine?

A

Amlodipine inhibits calcium ion influx across the plasma membrane, causing vasodilation and reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, lowering blood pressure.
It increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart whilst reducing its workload.

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4
Q

When would Amlodipine be prescribed?

A

Amlodipine is prescribed to treat angina and prevent attacks of chest pain. It is also used to reduce blood pressure.

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Ramipril?

A

Ramipril inhibits ACE, reducing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and consequently that of aldosterone.
This reduces sodium and water retention, which lowers blood pressure.

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6
Q

When would Ramipril be prescribed?

A
  • Hypertension (first line)
  • Heart failure
  • Secondary prevention after MI
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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Losartan?

A

Losartan inhibits angiotensin II receptors, meaning blood vessels relax and blood pressure lowers.

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8
Q

When would Losartan be prescribed?

A

To treat high blood pressure.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bisoprolol?

A

Bisoprolol is a beta blocker that inhibits renin secretion, therefore blocking the RAAS.

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10
Q

When would Bisoprolol be prescribed?

A

To treat heart failure and high blood pressure.

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Atenolol?

A

Atenolol binds to beta-1 adrenergic receptors which blocks the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. This slows the heart rate.

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12
Q

When would Atenolol be prescribed?

What patients would not typically be prescribed Atenolol?

A

To treat arrhythmias and angina.

It is not usually given to those with asthma.

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Propranolol?

A

Propranolol inhibits renin release and blocks the RAAS. This in turn blocks the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine

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14
Q

When would Propranolol be prescribed?

What patients would not typically be prescribed Propranolol?

A

To treat arrhythmia and angina, and can be used to help control the symptoms of an overactive thyroid gland.

It is not given to patients with respiratory diseases, especially those with asthma.

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metoprolol?

A

Metoprolol inhibits beta-1 adrenergic receptors which leads to a decrease in heart rate.

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16
Q

When would Metoprolol be prescribed?

A

To treat the rapid heart rate in those with angina, arrhythmias and hyperthyroidism.

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Furosemide?

A

Furosemide increase the excretion of Na+ and water by the kidneys by inhibiting their reabsorption.

18
Q

When would Furosemide be prescribed?

A

To treat oedema in patients with heart failure, and some lung/liver/kidney disorders.

19
Q

What drug classification does Aspirin belong to?

A

NSAIDs

20
Q

What drug classification does Amlodipine belong to?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

21
Q

What drug classification does Ramipril and Lisinopril belong to?

A

ACE Inhibitors

22
Q

What drug classification does Losartan belong to?

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

23
Q

What drug classification does Furosemide belong to?

A

Loop Diuretics

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Clopidogrel?

What other common drug has the same mechanism?

A

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet that inhibits P2Y12 receptors, inhibiting ADP binding to platelet receptors.

Ticagrelor has the same mechanism.

25
Q

What drug classification does Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor belong to?

A

Antiplatelets

26
Q

What is Ramipril the first-line drug for?

Which patients are exempt from this? And what do they get first-line alternatively?

A

Hypertension

Afro-Caribbean patients should receive CCB as a first-line treatment for hypertension

27
Q

In what situation is Ramipril contraindicated?

A

Pregnancy

28
Q

Give examples of adverse effects of Ramipril and Lisinopril?

A
  • Persistent dry cough
  • Renal dysfunction
  • Angioedema
29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amlodipine?

A

Blocks K+channels therefore prolonging the refractory period
Also effective at blocking Na+, having a high affinity for inactivated channels

30
Q

When would Amlodipine be prescribed?

A

Arrhythmias, particularly when other drugs are ineffective or contra-indicated

Drug List (10 decks)

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