Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
What are the determinants of cardiac output?
heart rate, stroke volume, preload, afterload
It is a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure of greater than 90mmHg
Hypertension
It is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle and measured in liters per minute
Cardiac output
This type of drug accelerates the rate of urine formation which leads to removal of sodium and water from the body. It is also known as water pills
Diuretics
Enumerate five types of diuretics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
Diuretics are usually given in the morning to prevent sleep disturbance at night due to excessive urination. What do you call this type of condition?
Nocturia
enumerate seven types of anti-hypertensive drugs
Diuretics
Adrenergic
Direct vasodilators
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors
Calcium Channel Blockers
Direct Renin Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
What do you call a condition or one of the adverse effects of diuretics that should be watched out, symptoms include muscle weakness or cramps, fatigue, constipation, respiratory failure and changes in ECG such as ST segment depression and flat QRS complex?
Hypokalemia
All anti-hypertensive drug have this kind of adverse effect that causes drop in blood pressure accompanied with symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
Postural hypotension
This condition happens when oxygen is not enough thus production of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism increases which stimulates pain receptors
Chest pain or angina pectoris
(can lead to ischemia or cell death)
Give three types of angina
Chronic stable angina
Unstable angina
Vasospastic angina
Enumerate Anti-anginal drugs
Nitrates and Nitrites
Beta blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diuretic drugs that are derivatives of sulfonamide antibiotics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Loop Diuretics
Thiazides Diuretics
This drug is used for prevention of migraine headaches, severe dysmenorrhea, alcohol and nicotine withdrawal, taken via sublingual and can cause hypotension so patients are advised to remain lying or seated after taking this drug.
Clonidine / Catapres
This drug blocks the binding receptor for Angiotensin II and primarily affects the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
This drugs dilates all blood vessels via relaxation of smooth muscles especially coronary arteries and are mainstay prophylaxis and treatment for angina
Nitrates and Nitrites
These anti-anginal drugs are most effective treatment for exertional angina
beta-blockers
A condition where there’s a deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart
Dysrhythmias
It prevents clot formation by inhibiting certain clotting factors
Anti-coagulants
These are drugs used to reduce lipid levels in blood.
Antilipemic