Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

What are the determinants of cardiac output?

Answer 1

heart rate, stroke volume, preload, afterload

Question 2

It is a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure of greater than 90mmHg

Answer 2

Hypertension

Question 3

It is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle and measured in liters per minute

Answer 3

Cardiac output

Question 4

This type of drug accelerates the rate of urine formation which leads to removal of sodium and water from the body. It is also known as water pills

Answer 4

Diuretics

Question 5

Enumerate five types of diuretics

Answer 5

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Thiazide diuretics

Question 6

Diuretics are usually given in the morning to prevent sleep disturbance at night due to excessive urination. What do you call this type of condition?

Answer 6

Nocturia

Question 7

enumerate seven types of anti-hypertensive drugs

Answer 7

Diuretics
Adrenergic
Direct vasodilators
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors
Calcium Channel Blockers
Direct Renin Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Question 8

What do you call a condition or one of the adverse effects of diuretics that should be watched out, symptoms include muscle weakness or cramps, fatigue, constipation, respiratory failure and changes in ECG such as ST segment depression and flat QRS complex?

Answer 8

Hypokalemia

Question 9

All anti-hypertensive drug have this kind of adverse effect that causes drop in blood pressure accompanied with symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting

Answer 9

Postural hypotension

Question 10

This condition happens when oxygen is not enough thus production of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism increases which stimulates pain receptors

Answer 10

Chest pain or angina pectoris
(can lead to ischemia or cell death)

Question 11

Give three types of angina

Answer 11

Chronic stable angina
Unstable angina
Vasospastic angina

Question 12

Enumerate Anti-anginal drugs

Answer 12

Nitrates and Nitrites
Beta blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 13

Diuretic drugs that are derivatives of sulfonamide antibiotics

Answer 13

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Loop Diuretics
Thiazides Diuretics

Question 14

This drug is used for prevention of migraine headaches, severe dysmenorrhea, alcohol and nicotine withdrawal, taken via sublingual and can cause hypotension so patients are advised to remain lying or seated after taking this drug.

Answer 14

Clonidine / Catapres

Question 15

This drug blocks the binding receptor for Angiotensin II and primarily affects the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland.

Answer 15

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Question 16

This drugs dilates all blood vessels via relaxation of smooth muscles especially coronary arteries and are mainstay prophylaxis and treatment for angina

Answer 16

Nitrates and Nitrites

Question 17

These anti-anginal drugs are most effective treatment for exertional angina

Answer 17

beta-blockers

Question 18

A condition where there’s a deviation from the normal rhythm of the heart

Answer 18

Dysrhythmias

Question 19

It prevents clot formation by inhibiting certain clotting factors

Answer 19

Anti-coagulants

Question 20

These are drugs used to reduce lipid levels in blood.

Answer 20

Antilipemic