Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

What are the goals of antihypertensive therapy?

Answer 1

The goal of antihypertensive therapy thus consists in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with arterial hypertension by a strategy focused on lowering blood pressure while minimizing the impact of other associated cardiovascular risk factors.

Question 2

Give 7 anti-hypertensives

Answer 2

1. Diuretics
2. Adrenergic drugs
3. Direct Vasodilators
4. ACE inhibitors
5. Calcium channel blockers
6. Direct renin inhibitors
7. Angiotensin receptor blockers

Question 3

What are the 3 types of Angina?

Answer 3

1. Chronic stable angina
2. Unstable angina
3. Vasospastic angina

Question 4

What it means when we say Heart Failure?

Answer 4

Heart failure means that the heart is unable to pump blood around the body properly. It usually happens because the heart has become too weak or stiff. It’s sometimes called congestive heart failure, although this name is not widely used now. Heart failure does not mean your heart has stopped working.

Question 5

What Antiplatelets works to prevent?

Answer 5

Antiplatelets are medications that prevent platelets from sticking together and forming blood clots. They’re a common treatment for people at risk of heart attack or stroke.

Question 6

What is the use of Antifibrinolytic drugs?

Answer 6

Antifibrinolytic agents may be used to help prevent or treat serious bleeding in patients who have certain conditions, such as hemophilia, very heavy menstrual bleeding, or some types of vascular tumors. They may also be used to help prevent or control bleeding during or after surgery or after a traumatic injury.

Question 7

Give the risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 7

Positive:
The traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease are high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history, diabetes, smoking, being post-menopausal for women and being older than 45 for men, according to Fisher. Obesity may also be a risk factor.

Negative:
About half of all Americans (47%) have at least 1 of 3 key risk factors for heart disease: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Some risk factors for heart disease cannot be controlled, such as your age or family history.

Question 8

Mechanism of action of Anticoagulants

Answer 8

Anticoagulants derive their effect by acting at different sites of the coagulation cascade. Some act directly by enzyme inhibition, while others indirectly, by binding to antithrombin or by preventing their synthesis from the liver (vitamin K dependent factors).

Question 9

Give 8 antihypertensive drugs

Answer 9

1. amlodipine (Norvasc, Lotrel)
2. diltiazem (Cardizem CD, Cardizem SR, Dilacor XR, Tiazac)
3. felodipine (Plendil)
4. isradipine (DynaCirc, DynaCirc CR)
5. nicardipine (Cardene SR)
6. nifedipine (Adalat CC, Procardia XL)
7. nisoldipine (Sular)
8. verapamil (Calan SR, Covera HS, Isoptin SR, Verelan)

Question 10

What are the contraindications of Adrenergic drugs?

Answer 10

Cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris

Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism

Cerebrovascular disease

Distal areas with a single blood supply such as:

fingers, toes, nose and ears

Renal impairment use caution