Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

What is antibiotic drugs?

Answer 1

Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Antibiotics can be taken in different ways: Orally (by mouth).

Question 2

What Quinolones can do?

Answer 2

1. Destroy bacteria by altering their DNA, does not affect human DNA.
2. Very potent bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotics.
3. Suitable for treating complicated UTIs, but can be given to patients with respiratory, skin, GIT and bone infections.

Question 3

What are the assessment before administering antiseptics?

Answer 3

History of hypersensitivity to medications.

Determine age, weight, V/S .

Examine Labs such as BUN, Creatinine, AST and ALT, cardiac function, CBC, platelet and clotting .

Monitor I&O (NV: 30mL/hr or 600mL/day).

Question 4

What do you mean by RIPES?

Answer 4

RIFAMPICIN
ISONIAZID
PYRAZINAMIDE
ETHAMBUTOL
STREPTOMYCIN

Question 5

What are the four types of fungal infection?

Answer 5

Four types include:
Systemic
Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Superficial

Question 6

How is malaria transmitted?

Answer 6

Usually, people get malaria by being bitten by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Only Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit malaria and they must have been infected through a previous blood meal taken from an infected person.

Question 7

What are the medicines for the treatment of malaria (DOH manual) for uncomplicated infection?

Answer 7

1. Artemeter-Lumifantrine (AL)
2. Primaquine

Question 8

What are the medicines for the treatment of malaria (DOH manual) for severe malaria?

Answer 8

1. Artesunate IV
2. Primaquine
3. Quinine

Question 9

What are the stages of HIV Infection?

Answer 9

The most recent WHO model lists four stages as follows:
• Stage 1: asymptomatic infection (Few weeks to months after exposure)
• Stage 2: early, general symptoms of disease (lymphadenopathy with fever, rash, sore
throat, night sweats, candidiasis. Patient is termed HIV positive. May still be able to
seroconvert .CD4 cells begin to drop
• Stage 3: moderate symptoms – infection progresses, and opportunistic infection
begins
• Stage 4: severe symptoms, often leading to death – increasing destruction of helper
T cells, decline in immune function. When CD4 drops to 200 cells/mm3 below, severe
opportunistic infections and other system symptoms appear.
• Death is most likely when CD4 falls below 50 cells/mm3

Question 10

What is antiviral drugs?

Answer 10

1. Chemicals that kill or suppress virus by either destroying virions or inhibiting their ability to replicate
2. Even the best medications never fully eradicate a virus from its host, but the body’s immune system has a better chance of controlling the viral infection.
3. Antivirals are all synthetic compounds that work by inhibiting viral replication
4. Viral illnesses are difficult to eradicate 1) replicate inside host cells 2) virus has
   replicated itself thousands/millions of times before symptoms appear.