Cardiovascular: Diuretics Flashcards
What medical conditions can thiazides cause?
diabetes (hyperglycaemia)
Gout (hyperuricaemia)
Which thiazide diuretics are preferred in hypertension
Indapamide and chortalidone
Which thiazide can be used in renal impairment?
Only metolazone - others are ineffective in egfr <30
what is the risk of infusing IV fuosemide too quickly?
AKI/acute retention
what medical conditions can loop diuretics precipitate ?
diabetes and gout
what are the serious adverse effects of loop diuretics
ototoxicity and tinnitis/deafness
acute urinary retention if infused too quickly/too rapid diuresis
What metabolic disturbances to loop diuretics cause
Based on MoA inhibiting Na/K/Cl transporter-inhibition of reabsorption to excrete fluid in urine
- hyponatraemia
- hypokalaemia
- hypomangesaemia
- Hypo Cl-
- hypocalcaeemia
wha is a side effect of torsademide
musculoskeletal pain
what condition would you caution loops in
BPH
any medications that concomitantly increase/cause ototoxicity
name potassium sparing diuretics
amiloride
triamterine
what colour urine can triamterine cause?
blue
name aldosterone antagonists
spironolactone
eplerenone
what is an MHRA alert regarding aldosterone antagonists
concomittant AA and acei/arb in heart failure - risk of potentially fatal hyperkalaemia- monitor
Name side effects of spironolactone
gynecomastia /breast tumours/menstrual disturbances
hypertrichosis
changes in libido
electrolyte: hypokalaeemia, hyperuricaemia, hyponatraemia
what is an osmotic diuretic and when is it used
Mannitol - use in cerebral oedema/. high intracranial pressure
