Cardiovascular Diseases Flashcards
FIRST SIGN OF HYPOXIA
RESTLESSNESS,
CONFUSION,
Fatigue 
CARDIAC Tamponade SIGNS/symptoms
BEC
BECKS TRIAD - BEC
B - Big JVD
E- Extremely LOW BP
C- Can’t hear heart sounds
Cardiac Tamponade DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
X - ray
ECHO ultra SOUNd
No contrast dye needed
Cardiac Tamponade TREATMENT
PERICARDIOCENTESIS
S1 sound WHICH VALVE/ HEARD?
MITRIAL/ BICUSPID VALVE
APEX (heard) 5 th INTERCOSTA STAGE
SYSTOLIC
S2 SOUND WHICH VALUE
AORtic / PULMONARY VALVE
DIASTOLIC RELAX
BEST HEARD AT ERB’S POINT
S3 Sound
Rapid ventricular filling (vibrating)
Fluid overload
S4 sound
STROng ATRIAL CONTRACTIONS
Thrills
PARABLE VIBRATION OF VAlVES W/ MURMURS
Bruits
Swooshing SOUND DUE TO OBSTRUCTED PERIPHERAL BLUOD Flow
ALSO Known AS TurBulence
WHERE TO LISTEN w/abnormal Heart Rate (pulse deficit)
COMPARE APICAL TO RADIAL PULSE
CARDIOMYOPATHY
DRH
DILATED: Distended heart muscle
RESTRICTIVE: “Rock hard” heart muscle * your rock hard lol*
HYPERTROPHIC: Huge trophy-like heart muscle
Cardiac tamponade sighs and symptoms
DROWNED💦
D: DISTENDED jugular veins
R: RESPIRATORY tract and lungs clear
O: OXYGEN SATURATION LOW
W: WEAK RAPID PULSES (thready pulses)
N: NO PULSE (dealth is a complication)
E: ECG-QRS COMPLEXES short and even
D: DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CHEST X-RAY
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
ANGIOGRAPHY
Treatments for Congestive heart Failure
❤️ HOPE ❤️
H: HOB - 45 degrees + (Semi fowlers, High fowlers, Orthopenic position)
O: OXYGEN
P: PUSH - Furosemide + Morphine
E: END -Sodium & fluids (Sodium Swells)
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
🏆
HyperTROPHIC
Big TROPHY
ЕСНО
Septal Wall thickened
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
PATIENT EDUCATION
3 D meds NO! NO! NO!
D: DILATORS (Nitro)
D: DIGOXIN
D: DIURETICS
NO NO NO 🤬
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
TREATMENTS PHARMACOLOGY
TOP 5 Vas🅾️dilators
1. Nitr🅾️glycerin
2. Nitr🅾️prusside
3. Hydralazine 👻 ( the o is a ghost)
4. Is🅾️s🅾️rbide Caution
5. Min🅾️xidil (only severe HF)
hypertension
PHARMACOLOGY
AC ANTI-CLOGGING OF ARTERIES
A: ANTI PLATELET (Anti Clumping)
A-ASA
C-Clopidogrel ⚠️CAUTION:Bleeding⚠️
C: CHOLESTEROL LOWERING
Lovastatin “stay clean”
⚠️ CAUTION: Liver Toxic, NO grapefruit ⚠️
MI-Heart attack causes and risk factors
🥤 SODDA 🥤
S • Stress, Stimulants (caffeine, amphetamines) Smoking 🚬
O • Obesity (BMI over 25) 🎅🏻
D • Diabetes & HTN (over 140/90)🎅🏻
D • Diet (high cholesterol) 🎅🏻
A • African American male 🎅🏾
Age (over 50)
*Men more than women
MI-HEART ATTACK
TREATMENT
OANM
O: oxygen
A: Aspirin
N: Nitro
M: morphine
ENDOCARDITIS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
BLOOD CULTURES
Culture & Sensitivity Test
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
Ultrasound of Heart beating 💗
I love you 😘
CAUSES OF ENDOCARDITIS
Drums 🥁
D: DENTAL - (Oral surgery) Give prophylactic antibiotics, Degenerative heart disease (Marfan) 🦷🪥
R: RESISTANCE - to major antibiotics
U: UNTREATED STREP THROAT Rheumatic Fever
M: MAJOR HEART SURGERY - Valve repair or CABG
S: STICKING DIRTY NEEDLES - Medical use, tattoos, piercings 💉
ENDOCARDITIS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
CLOT🩸
C: CLOTS in the heart & body
L: LUNG FLUID (crackles) & Spleen enlarged due to infection
O: OVERHEATED (Fever) 🥵
T: TOO LITTLE OXYGEN 😱
ENDOCARDITIS
TREATMENTS ABX & SIDE EFFECTS
PENICILLIN - 🤰 Less effecive birth control
VANCO MYCIN - 😡 Red Man Syndrome, VERY Nephrotoxic
GENTAMYCIN- MAJOR Nephrotoxic & Ototoxic
CEFTRIAXONE - Cholecystitis
ENDOCARDITIS
TREATMENTS
PATIENT EDUCATION
MOLD🦠
M: MONITOR - for infection
O: ORAL CARE - brush 2x day NO FLOSSING 🪥
L: LET ALL PROVIDERS KNOW - Hx of Endocarditis
D: DENTAL VISITS OR SURGERY- Antibiotic ADHERENCE
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CHEST X-RAY
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
ANGIOGRAPHY
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
TREATMENTS
ABCDD
A: ACE INHIBITORS
-pril • Lisinopril
B: BETA BLOCKERS
-lol • Atenolol
C: CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
-dipine, -zem, -amil • Nifedipine, Diltiazem, Verapamil
D: DIGOXIN
Cardiac Glycoside
D: DIURETICS Loop or Thiazide
Furosemide & HCTZ°
MI- Heart Attack
Avoid contract dye when ABCC
Angioplasty, Angiogram, Bypass
A- allergy to Iodine (flushing is normal)
B- blood (lie supine hours after surgery, direct pressure at incision site)
C- creatinine 0.8-1.2 (bad for kidneys)
C- can’t palpate pedal pulse? Call provider, normal diminished pulses 4-12 hours after surgery
NPO 6-12 hours
INR value
2-3
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Antidote (vitamin K)
PTT value
46-70
Heparin
Antidote (protamine sulfate)
Which lab value for MI
Troponin (over 0.5)
Cardiac drugs
A: ace and arbs
B: beta blockers
C: calcium blockers
D: digoxin
D: dilators
D: diuretics
Lidocaine med
Drug of choice for Ventricular dysrhythmias
Atropine
Drug of choice for Asystole (flatline)
