Cardiovascular disease(sub topic)

Question 1

What is a Cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

-describe diseases associated with the heart and blood vessels
-Most start with atheroma formation

Question 2

What is Coronary heart disease and when does it occur?

Answer 2

-cardiovascular disease
-coronary arteries have lots of atheromas which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle
-lead to myocardial infarction

Question 3

How do Atheromas form?

Answer 3

-damage occurs in endothelium (inner lining) by e.g, high BP
-WBCs and lipids from blood, clump together under the lining forming fatty streaks
-more WBC and lipids build up and harden forming fibrous plaque (atheroma)
-causes blockages in lumen of artery increasing BP

Question 4

What is an Aneurysm and how does it form?

Answer 4

-balloon-like swelling of the artery
-starts with formation of atheromas which damage and weaken arteries

Question 5

What is Thrombosis?

Answer 5

-formation of a blood clot
-clot can cause complete blockage of the artery

Question 6

What is Myocardial infarction?

Answer 6

-coronary artery becomes completely blocked and an area of the heart receives no oxygen

Question 7

How is smoking a risk factor for Cardiovascular disease?

Answer 7

-carbon monoxide and nicotine
-Carbon monoxide binds haemoglobin and reduces the amount of oxygen transported to tissues in blood
-decreases the amount of antioxidants so damage in the coronary artery walls is more likely