Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Flashcards
What is cardiovascular disease
An umbrella term for illnesses that affect the heart and circulation. It includes coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.
How does cardiovascular disease occur?
When one or more of the coronary arteries is narrowed or completely blocked with fatty deposits/cholesterol on its walls.CVD can often be prevented and there are many things that people can do to protect their heart and keep it healthy.
How many people died from CHD in 2022/2023
1600 deaths. This is approximately 16 people per day.
Why is the artery wall thick
Because the blood pressure is higher.
Umbrella term
CVD is the umbrella term for CHD and stroke
How does the cholesterol on its walls lead to a heart attack?
It reduces the blood supply to the heart forcing the heart to work much harder to pump blood around the body. If the arteries become totally blocked , blood cannot flow to the heart and this can result in a heart attack.
What is the name of the medical event that occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked
Stroke
What is a risk factor
Increases the likelihood of developing diseases.
Name some non modifiable risk factors for CVD
Gender-being male- higher risk.
Getting older or family history
Eating too much saturated fat is a risk factor,
Is it lifestyle or dietary and give an explanation of how it increases the risk of CHD
Dietary.
Increased cholesterol levels. High cholesterol levels increase the risk of CHD.
Eating too much salt is a risk factor,
Is it lifestyle or dietary and give an explanation of how it increases the risk of CHD
Dietary,
Increased blood pressure which puts a strain on the blood vessels, causing damage which makes it harder for the heart to pump blood sound the body. Too much salt therefore increases the risk of CHD.
Consuming too much alcohol is a risk factor,
Is it lifestyle or dietary and give an explanation of how it increases the risk of CHD
Lifestyle and dietary,
In NI it is more lifestyle.
Damages heart muscle therefore causing abnormal heart rhythms and increased blood pressure. Alcohol is high in calories and can lead to weight gain which increases the risk of CHD.
Smoking is a risk factor,
Is it lifestyle or dietary and give an explanation of how it increases the risk of CHD
Lifestyle.
Doubles risk of CHD.
Reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart.
Makes blood more likely to clot which reduces blood flow to the heart, increasing risk of heart attack.
Damages the lining of artery walls causing build up of fatty deposits.
Nicotine causes the body to produce adrenaline which increases blood pressure.
Lack of physical activity is a risk factor,
Is it lifestyle or dietary and give an explanation of how it increases the risk of CHD
Lifestyle.
Heart muscle doesn’t function properly.
Exercise reduces blood pressure which reduces the risk of CHD.
Inactivity causes obesity which increases the risk of CHD.
