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Basic Health Assessment > Cardiovascular assessment > Flashcards

Cardiovascular assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the carotid arteries found?

A

Both sides of the neck, between the sternomastoid muscle and the trachea

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2
Q

What does the pulse of the carotid artery coincide with?

A

ventricular systole

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3
Q

Where do the jugular veins empty directly into?

A

the superior vena cava

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4
Q

What do the jugular veins reflect?

A

the filling pressure and volume changes

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5
Q

What landmarks can you find on the chest where the heart begins and ends?

A

the heart extends from the 2nd intercostal space to the 5th intercostal space

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6
Q

Where can we find the apical pulse?

A

the 5th intercostal space

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7
Q

Why can we find the apical pulse?

A

the apex of the heart beats against the chest wall during contraction

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8
Q

What is systole?

A

contraction of the heart
Atrioventricular valves close
blood flows from ventricle to artery

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9
Q

What is diastole?

A

heart relaxes
Atrioventricular valves open
blood flows from atria to ventricle

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10
Q

What is S1?

A

closing of AV valves in systole

LUB sound

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11
Q

What is S2?

A

Closing of the semilunar valves

the DUB sound

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12
Q

What is Cardiac output?

A

volume of blood in each systole

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13
Q

What is preload?

A

venous return that builds ip during diastole

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14
Q

What is afterload?

A

opposing pressure that the ventricle must generate to open Aortic valve against Aortic pressure

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15
Q

What is there to consider in the Health history during a CVS assessment?

A 
Chest pain
SOB
Orthopnea
Cough 
Fatigue
Cyanosis 
Edema 
Nocturia 
Cardiac History
Family cardiac history 
Personal habits
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16
Q

In what order do you perform a CVS assessment?

A
  1. Pulse and BP
  2. Extremities
  3. Neck vessels
  4. Precordium
17
Q

When you are inspecting the neck vessels, what are you anticipating to see?

A

Bilateral pulsation of the carotid arteries

18
Q

if you palpate the patient’s carotid artery near the jaw line for too long, what can happen?

A

You could block the sinuses and cause a drop in BP and the patient can loose consciousness

19
Q

what should you feel when palpating the carotids arteries?

A

Carotids should feel smooth and have a force

20
Q

what part of the stethoscope do you use to auscultate the neck vessels?

A

the bell of the stethoscope

21
Q

What position is the patient in when auscultating the patient’s neck vessels?

A

in supine position

22
Q

what should you hear when auscultating the carotid arteries?

A

a swishing sound

23
Q

where do you palpate on the pericordium? what should you expect to feel?

A

palpate the 2nd to 4th intercostal space. Should be smooth and not feel anything

24
Q

Why would you not be able to hear the apical pulse on a patient?

A

Apical pulse may be difficult to find on patients who are obese or have a thick chest wall

25
Q

what do the general areas of auscultation of the pericordium represent?

A

Where the 4 valves of the heart are best heard

26
Q

What are the 5 areas of auscultation of the pericordium? Where are they located?

A
  1. Aortic valve: right side, 2nd intercostal space
  2. Pulmonic valve: left side, 2nd intercostal space
  3. Erb’s point: left side, 3rd intercostal space
  4. Tricuspid valve: Left side, 5th intercostal space near sternal border
  5. Mitral valve: left side, 5th intercostal space,4 inches from sternal border
27
Q

To auscultate the pericordium, what pattern do you auscultate?

A

The Z pattern

28
Q

what part of the stethoscope do you use to auscultate the pericordium?

A

the diaphragm

29
Q

When assessing apical pulse, what do you document?

A

rhythm, identify S1 and S2,

30
Q

When inspecting and palpating arms, what assessments do you perform?

A 
capillary refill
presence of scars or lesions 
skin colour 
hair distribution 
moisture
Palpate radial pulses bilaterally 
palpate brachial pulses bilaterally
31
Q

what does a score of 2+ mean for a pulse?

A

normal

32
Q

What does a score of 0 mean for pulse?

A

absent

33
Q

what score would you give if a pulse is full or bounding?

A

3+

34
Q

what score would you give if a pulse was weak?

A

1+

35
Q

When inspecting the legs in a peripheral vascular exam, what would you document?

A

lesions
skin colour
hair distribution
varicose veins

36
Q

When inspecting the legs in a peripheral vascular exam, what do you assess?

A

palpate with backs of hands for equal temperature

palpate femoral artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis

37
Q

what is one method to assess pulseintead of palpating?

A

using a doppler machine

38
Q

what are the 8 P’s of Peripheral Vascular Assessment?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Pallor
  3. Pulselessness
  4. Parethesia (prickling sensation)
  5. Paralysis
  6. Poikilothermic (extremities are cold)
  7. Pinkies
  8. Puffiness (edema)
39
Q

How do you assess for edema?

A

use thumb and press over tibia. of you have an indentation, you must grade it

Basic Health Assessment (5 decks)

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