Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
Chapter 7
ABO Blood Group System
-the human blood types: A, B, AB, or O
- these are based on the antigens present
Anemia
deficiency in RBCs or hemoglobin, which may be caused by improper function of the bone marrow
Antecubital
the area around the bend of the forearm
- it is most commonly used for venipuntures
Anticoagulant
chemical agent that prevents clotting
Aorta
the largest artery (1 inch wide)
Arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
Arteries
highly oxygenated vessels that carry blood away from the heart (efferent vessels)
Arterioles
arteries branch out into these smaller vessels
Atria
two atria
Basilic vein
third site for venipuncture
Blood
provides nutrients, oxygen, chemical substances, and waste removal for each cell in the body
- essential for homeostasis and sustaining life
Blood pressure
the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels
Blood vessels
key component of the circulatory system, these vessels transport blood thoroughly throughout the body
Bradycardia
slow heart rate
Capillaries
the smallest vessels (microscopic)
- they connect arteries to veins
- only vessel that permits the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2), fluids, and molecules between the blood and surrounding tissues
Cardiac cycle
one complete contraction and relaxation (or pump/ or heartbeat) and the many processes occurring during each beat
Cardiovascular
- the cardiac (heart) muscle
- the vascular system (network of blood vessels that includes veins, arteries and capillaries)
- the circulating blood
Cephalic vein
- secondary sites for venipuncture
Coagulation
clotting
Coronary arteries
oxygenated vessels that supply blood to the myocardium of the heart. If blood flow through these decrease, it induces a heart attack
Diastole
relaxation of the heart
Differential
a lab test that enumerates and categorizes white blood cells and any abnormalities present
Edema
swelling
Eosinophils
a granulocyte (a smaller component of white blood cells) that defends against parasites
Erythrocyte
red blood cell
Erythropoiesis
the production of red blood cells, millions are normally formed and destroyed daily
Erythropoietin
the hormone that triggers erythropoiesis
- produced in the kidney
Heart
a muscular organ that is made up of four chambers
- size: about the size of a man’s fist
- location: slightly left of the midline in the thoracic cavity
Hematocrit
a low volume of packed red cells
Hematopoietic
blood forming
Hemorrhage
excessive or uncontrolled bleeding
Hemostasis
blood clotting at the site of an injury while maintaining blood flow in other parts of the body
Hypoxia
when a region of the body becomes oxygen deficient (from being deprived of blood/O2) and within minutes the tissues may die
Inferior vena cava
brings blood from the diaphragm and below
Intrinsic system
coagulation factors for this system are contained in the blood
Leukocyte
white blood cell
Lymphatic system
consists of:
- lymph (fluid)
- lymphocytes
- lymph vessels
- lymph nodes
- tonsils
- spleen
- bone marrow
- thymus gland
functions:
- maintain fluid balance in the tissues by filtering blood and lymph fluid
- provide defense and immunity against disease through the lymphocytes
- distribute nutrients and hormones into the bloodstream, remove waste, and absorb fats and other substances from the digestive tract
Lymphocytes
a granulocyte (a smaller component of white blood cells) that’s function is antibody production, cellular immune response
Median cubital vein (median vein)
- first vein that the phlebotomist should palpate for
- generally the largest and closest vein to the skin, have a layer that protect the arteries, nerves and bones underneath, best anchored vein
Plasma
the liquid portion of blood and lymph
Platelets (thrombocytes)
much smaller than other blood cells
Pulmonary circuit
- one of the two significant blood flow pathways
- blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again
- blood with low oxygen leaves the heart > enters the lungs to get oxygen > then back into the heart
Pulse
- the heart rate
- measurement of the heart rate = pulses per minute
Red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes)
blood cells that function to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body
Serum
the remaining liquid portion of clotted blood specimens
Superior vena cava
brings blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest into the heart
Systemic circuit
- one of the two significant blood flow pathways
- oxygen rich blood flow to all body regions except the lungs
- this blood leaves the heart via the aorta
Systole
contraction of the heart
Tachycardia
fast heart rate
Vascular
the network of blood vessels that include:
- veins
- arteries
- capillaries
Veins
carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (afferent vessels)
Venae cavae
the largest veins (1 inch wide)
Ventricles
- chambers of the heart that are in charge of pumping out blood
- the heart has two ventricles
Venules
minute veins that flow into larger veins
White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes)
blood cells that provide for defense against infectious agents
