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Annas ATI TEAS Anatomy & Physiology > Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

behind the sternum on left side Infront of the chest.

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2
Q

Describe the layers of the Heart wall?

A

There are 3 layers

-outer layer (epicardium)
- made up of serous memberane aka (visceral pericardium).
-middle layer (myocardium)
- made up of connective tissue and cardiac muscle.
-inner layer (endocardium)
- made up of simple squamous epithelium.

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3
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

upper right atrium
lower right ventricle

upper left atrium
lower left ventricle

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4
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

55% plasma aka (water and protein),
45% formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)

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5
Q

What are Erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

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6
Q

What is the protein found in red blood cells?

A

hemoglobin

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7
Q

What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

A

Oxygen in blood is bound to hemoglobin allowing red blood cells to transport oxygen.

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8
Q

What are Leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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9
Q

Which Leukocytes are active in phagocytosis?

A

neutrophils and menocytes

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10
Q

Which Leukocytes have antibody formation?

A

lymphocytes

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11
Q

Which blood cells support the immune system?

A

Leukocytes aka white blood cells

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12
Q

What is the job of platelets?

A

they are active in blood clot formation

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13
Q

What makes up plasma?

A

(protein, ions, nutrients, waste products and harmonies) all dissolved and suspended in water.

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14
Q

Describe The contraction of the heart (Systole).

A

-deoxygenated blood from the body enters via the right atrium
- passes the tricuspid valve
-drains into the right ventricle pumps into the pulmonary trunk and flows into the pulmonary arteries of the lungs to be reoxygenated.

-oxygenated blood from the lungs flow into the left atrium.
- passes the mitral valve
-drains into the left ventricle passes the aorta and pumps out to the body.

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15
Q

Describe the relaxation of the heart (diastole).

A

Oxygenated blood is carried by stytemic arteries that are branched off of the aorta and into the rest of the body.

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16
Q

What are arterioles?

A

The smallest arteries

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17
Q

What are the names of the large veins that empty deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

A

Superior and Inferior Venae Cavae

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18
Q

What is ECG?

A

An electrocardiogram that measures wave of electrical activity of the hearts intrinsic beat.

19
Q

What is the job of arteries?

A

thick wall tubes that carry oxygenated blood under high pressure away from the heart into the body.

20
Q

What is the job of veins?

A

Thin walled tubes that empty deoxygenated blood under low pressure into the heart.

21
Q

What do vasoconstriction and vasodilation result from?

A

The contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in artery walls.

22
Q

What is the “pacemaker “ of the heart controls contraction and sends out electrical signals?

A

sinoatrial node

23
Q
  1. Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart?

A. Blood cells
B. Muscle tissue split into two chambers
C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers
D. Four ventricles

A

C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers

24
Q
  1. Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen?

A. red blood cells
B. Plasma
C. dissolved gases
D. Leukocytes

A

A. red blood cells

25
Q
  1. Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs?

A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. left ventricle
D. right ventricle

A

D. the right ventricle

26
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through which chamber?

A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. left ventricle
C. right ventricle

A

B. right atrium

27
Q

Blood picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide in the arteries before returning to the heart through which chamber using veins?

A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. left ventricle
D. right ventricle

A

A. left atrium

28
Q
  1. which of the following statements best describes the function of veins?

A. veins carry deoxygenated blood
B. Veins carry oxygenated blood
C. Veins carry blood back to the heart
D. Veins carry blood away from the heart

A

C. veins carry blood back to the heart

29
Q
  1. In two to three sentences , describe two chambers of the heart that have thicker walls. Why would these chambers be thicker?
A

The right and left ventricles have thicker walls than the two atria. Thicker muscular walls are needed to generate the pressure to pump blood out of the heart to the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

30
Q

Which of the following terms describes the relaxation of the chambers of the heart during the cardiac cycle?

Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Systole
Diastole

A

Diastole

31
Q

Which of the following is a protein present in blood plasma?

Monocytes
Fibrinogens
Platelets
Lymphocytes

A

Fibrinogens

32
Q

Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart?

Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Superior vena cava

A

Superior vena cava

33
Q

Identify the pathway of blood trough the components of the cardiovascular system,
starting with the blood entering the heart through the superior vena cava. (move the
options into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order. use all options)

A

Pulmonary artery
lungs
right atrium
right ventricle
Pulmonary valve

34
Q

Which of the following is a part of the pulmonary circuit?

Superior vena cava
pulmonary vein
bronchial artery
aorta

A

pulmonary vein

35
Q

Which of the following vessels caries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava

A

pulmonary vein

36
Q
  1. A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart?
    o Coronary artery
    o Pulmonary
    o Vena cava
    o Aorta
A

Coronary artery

37
Q

Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying blood from the upper body
to the right atrium of the heart?
o Pulmonary veins
o Aorta
o Pulmonary arteries
o Superior vena cava

A

Superior Vena cava

38
Q

Identify the pathway of blood trough the components of the cardiovascular system,
starting with the blood entering the heart through the superior vena cava. (select
options in the correct order. use all options) Homework – study how blood moves in
and out of the heart and answer this one.
o Pulmonary artery
o Lungs
o Right atrium
o Right ventricle
o Pulmonary valve

A
39
Q

(Mometrix 357)

Which of the following accurately describes the path of blood through the heart?

a. Blood enters the heart through the pulmonary vein, into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
b. Once the right ventricle is full, blood exits into the pulmonary artery and then empties into the left ventricle.
c. After traveling through the lungs, oxygenated blood enters into the left atrium, then through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
d. Once the left ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts, the ventricle contracts, and blood exits through the aorta.

A

c. Blood returns to the heart from both the Inferior and superior vena cava, entering into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, and into the right ventricle.

Once the right ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve closes, and upon heart contraction, the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery, becoming oxygenated in the lungs.

The blood returns to the heart from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle.

When the left ventricle is full, the mitral valve closes, and the heart contracts and distributes the newly oxygenated blood throughout the body through the aortic valve and into the aorta.

40
Q

(Mometrix 358)

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood back to the heart?

a. pulmonary vein
b. pulmonary artery
c. aorta
d. superior vena cava

A

a. pulmonary vein

41
Q

(Mometrix 358)

Of the following, the blood vessel containing the least-oxygenated blood is the:

a. Aorta
b. Vena Cava
c. Pulmonary artery
d. femoral vein

A

C. pulmonary artery

42
Q

Mometrix 422)

Which of the following structures have the lowest blood pressure?

a. arteries
b. arterioles
c. venules
d. veins

A

d. veins

43
Q

Mometrix 422

What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute (BPM)?

a. Tachycardia
b. Apnea
c. Bradycardia
d. Tachypnea

A

a. tachycardia

44
Q

(mometrix 298)
Which of the following represents the depolarization of the atria?

a. QRS interval
b. T wave
c. U wave
d. P wave

A

D

Annas ATI TEAS Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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