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General Anatomy Practice Questions > Cardiovascular Anatomy (part I) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy (part I) Flashcards

1
Q

The heart develops from what germinal layer

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Angioblastic tissue coalesce to form what

A

the right and left endocardial tubes

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3
Q

the right and left endocardial tubes will fuse to form what

A

primitive heart tube

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4
Q

The primitive heart tube folds on itself and develops what

A

three dilations- 1) atrial 2) ventricular 3) bulbus cordis

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5
Q

The proximal end of the heart tube is formed by what

A

sinus venosus

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6
Q

the distal end of the heart tube is formed by what

A

truncus arteriosus

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7
Q

The atrial dilation is divided by what in what week

A

divided by septum primum in the fifth week

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8
Q

A hole appears in the upper part of the septum primum. what is that hole

A

ostium secundum

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9
Q

a second hole appears in the upper part of the septum primum called what

A

septum secundum

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10
Q

the septum secundum remains incomplete inferiorly and is known as what

A

the limbus of the fossa ovalis

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11
Q

the ventricular dilation is divided by a septum which goes upward toward what

A

endocardial cushions

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12
Q

The truncus arteriosus is divided into what two separate tubes in the 7th and 8th weeks

A

aortic and pulmonary

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13
Q

There is a connection called the ductus arteriosus in the fetus that allows for what

A

oxygenated blood to be shunted from the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta

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14
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth to for what

A

the ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

What are a few congenital abnormalities that may occur to a fetus (5)

A 
Ventricular septal defect 
Atrial septal defect
Fallots tetralogy
Patent foramen ovale
Persistent ductus arteriosus
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16
Q

what is the most common congenital heart disease

A

Ventricular septal defect

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17
Q

What is the most common Atrial septal defect

A

ostium secundum defect

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18
Q

What is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease

A

Fallot’s Tetralogy

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19
Q

in what region does the heart develop in? in what week

A

the cephalic region in the third week

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20
Q

What does Fallot’s Tetralogy consist of

A

Pulmonary stenosis
ventricular septal defect
right ventricular hypertrophy
over-riding (dextroposition) of the aorta

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21
Q

Cyanosis is due to the mixing of arterial blood with deoxygenated blood and occurs in what type of shunt

A

Right to left

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22
Q

What are some acyanotic diseases

A

atrial septal Defect, ventricular septal Defect and persistent Ductus arteriosus

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23
Q

the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and persistent ductus arteriosus are what directional shunt

A

left to right shunts

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24
Q

the persistent ductus arteriosus results from what

A

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth

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25
Q

where are the 4 surfaces markings of the heart

A

3rd and 6th right costal cartilage
2nd left costal cartilage
5th left intercostal space

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26
Q

how far are the 4 surface marking away from the sternal edge

A

1 finger width away except in the 5th left intercostal space which is 7-9 cm from the midsternal line

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27
Q

the right heart border is made up of what part of the heart

A

the right atrium

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28
Q

the inferior heart order is made up of what part of the heart

A

right ventricle

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29
Q

the left heart border is made up of what what part of the heart

A

the left ventricle and left auricle of left atrium

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30
Q

the hearts right atrium has two origins from where

A

one from the sinus venosus and one from the true atrium

31
Q

The Rough part of the right atrium is derived from what

A

true atrium

32
Q

the Rough part of the right atrium has what muscle bundles

A

pectinate muscle bundles

33
Q

the smooth par of the right atrium is derived from where

A

the sinus venosus embryolocally

34
Q

What are the rough and smooth part of the right atrium separated by what

A

the crista terminalis

35
Q

what is the oval depression on the interatrial septum

A

Fossa ovale

36
Q

the fossa ovale represents what

A

the location of the fetal foramen ovalis - septum primum

37
Q

Above the fossa ovale there is a ridge called what

A

limbus of the fossa ovalis

38
Q

the limbus of the fossa ovalis is the remnant of what

A

septum secundum

39
Q

just above the opening of the tricuspid valve lies the orifice of what

A

coronary sinus

40
Q

60-70% of myocardial venous blood drains into the heart via what

A

coronary sinus

41
Q

The left atrium has how many pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lung

A

4 pulmonary veins

42
Q

Does the left atrium have both rough and smooth parts like the right atrium?

A

Yes

43
Q

The right ventricle has several large fleshy muscles called

A

trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles

44
Q

The septomarginal branch, in the right ventricle, is also known as what

A

the moderator band

45
Q

What is a smooth funnel-shape inlet to the opening of the pulmonary valves of the right ventricle called

A

infundibulum

46
Q

the left ventricle has a thick muscular wall with some trabeculae carneae which is how much thicker than the right

A

three times

47
Q

The left ventricle is separated from the right ventricle by what

A

the interventricular septum

48
Q

the interventricular septum has what two parts to it

A

a thin upper membranous part and the thick lower muscular part

49
Q

Where are the surface markings for heart sounds (4)

A

2nd right/left intercostal space
4th left intercostal space
5th left intercostal space

50
Q

what do you hear at each intercostal space for heart sounds

A

2nd right Aortic
2nd left Pulmonary
4th left Tricuspid
5th left Mitral

51
Q

There are how many heart valves

A

4

52
Q

what valve is from the right atrium to right ventricle

A

Tricuspid [with anterior, posterior and septal leaflets]

53
Q

what valve is from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary [with anterior, right and left posterior semilunar valves - PAP]

54
Q

what heart valve if from the left atrium to left ventricle

A

Mitral [with anterior and posterior leaflets]

55
Q

what valve is from the left ventricle to ascending aorta

A

Aortic [with posterior, right/left anterior semilunar valves - APA]

56
Q

The valve leaflets are attaches to what muscle by fibrous cords called what?

A

Papillary muscles by fibrous cords called chorda tendinae

57
Q

The coronary blood supply to the heart is supplies by what two branches that arise from the the ascending part of the aorta

A

Right/Left coronary artery

58
Q

Where does the right coronary artery originate from

A

right aortic coronary sinus

59
Q

the right coronary artery runs between what

A

the right auricle and pulmonary trunk in the anterior atrioventricular sulcus

60
Q

the right coronary artery has what branches

A

sinu-artial
right marginal
posterior interventricular
atrioventricular

61
Q

the right coronary artery distributes to

A 
right atrium 
right ventricle 
30% of left atrium 
SA node
AV node
posterior 1/3 of the interventricular septum
62
Q

In what percent of the population does the right coronary artery supply the SA node

A

55%

63
Q

in what percent of the population does the right coronary artery supply the AV node

A

85%

64
Q

The left coronary artery originates from what?

A

left aortic coronary sinus

65
Q

the left coronary artery includes what branches

A

Circumflex
anterior interventricular [aka left anterior descending]
left marginal

66
Q

the left coronary artery distributes blood where

A

left ventricle
70% of left atrium
anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum

67
Q

The Coronary sinus drains what percent of the venous blood from the heart

A

60-70%

68
Q

the coronary sinus drains venous blood of the heart via the following veins

A

Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
oblique cardiac vein

69
Q

the Great cardiac vein accompanies what artery

A

left anterior descending artery

70
Q

the small cardiac vein accompanies what artery

A

right marginal

71
Q

the middle cardiac vein accompanies what artery

A

posterior interventricular artery

72
Q

what artery does the oblique cardiac vein accompany

A

none

73
Q

The remaining 30-40% of venous blood of the heart is drained via

A

the anterior cardiac vein and the smaller Venae Cordis Minimi

74
Q

Where does the anterior cardiac vein open into

A

right atrium

General Anatomy Practice Questions (9 decks)

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