Introduction

Question 1

What is the anatomical position of the body?

Answer 1

Body facing forward, with limbs fully extended and palms facing forward

Question 2

Describe these regions of the body.

1) cephalic 2) Caudal 3)cervical 4)thoracic 5)abdominal 6) Lumbar
7) Sacral

Answer 2

1)Head 2)Tail 3)Neck 4)Chest 5) B/w chest and genitals 6)Lower back 7)Over the sacrum

Question 3

Define these surfaces of limbs

1) Dorsal 2) Ventral

Answer 3

1) back or posterior

2) front or anterior

Question 4

The Horizontal plane is in line with what? What is it also known as?

Answer 4

In line with the horizon and AKA transverse

Question 5

Where does the vertical plain lie?

Answer 5

@ a right angle to the horizon

Question 6

Where does the sagittal plane lie?

Answer 6

from the top-bottom plane separating left from right

Question 7

Where does the coronal plane lie?

Answer 7

vertical plane that separates the back from the front

Question 8

Where is the median plane?

Answer 8

In the sagittal plane

Question 9

where is the median plane

Answer 9

close to the midline

Question 10

where is the lateral plane

Answer 10

away from midline

Question 11

Define flexion and extension

Answer 11

Flexion- bending toward the trunk

Extension- bending away from the trunk

Question 12

Define Abduction/Adduction

Answer 12

AB-move away from midline

AD-move toward midline

Question 13

Define supination and pronation

Answer 13

Sup- turned upward

Pro- turned downward

Question 14

Define medial and lateral rotation

Answer 14

Medial- turn inward

Lateral- turn outward

Question 15

Define ulnar deviation and radial deviation

Answer 15

Ulnar- bent toward ulnar side

Radial- bent toward radial side

Question 16

Define proximal and distal

Answer 16

Proximal is closer to the origin of the limb

Distal is further from the origin of the limb

Question 17

Define superficial and deep

Answer 17

Super- close to surface

Distal- further from surface

Question 18

Define cranial and caudal directionally

Answer 18

Cranial is toward head

Caudal is toward tail

Question 19

Define plantar and palmer

Answer 19

Plantar is part of foot that one stands on (sole)

Palmer is par of hand that holds shit

Question 20

Define superior and inferior

Answer 20

Sup- located above

Inf- located below

Question 21

What are the 2 positions the body can lie in?

Answer 21

prone (facing down)

sUPine (facing UP)

Question 22

Cells may be classified into what groups

Answer 22

Epithelial, muscle (smooth, skeletal and cardiac), nervous, bone, blood, connective tissue

Question 23

What type of cells do not reproduce

Answer 23

Cardiac, skeletal and nervous tissue

Question 24

What are the four types of epithelia

Answer 24

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar and Transitional

Question 25

Squamous is also divided into what two types

Answer 25

Simple and Stratified

Question 26

Simple squamous is found where

Answer 26

Lining lymphatic and blood vessels, pleura and peritoneum

Question 27

Stratified squamous is found where

Answer 27

skin, esophagus, lower half of the anal canal

Question 28

cuboidal cells are found where

Answer 28

Bowmans capsule, convoluted tubules of the kidney, thyroid follicles

Question 29

Columnar epithelia is also divided up into three categories

Answer 29

Simple, stratified and pseudostratified

Question 30

Simple columnar cells are found where

Answer 30

lining of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 31

Stratified columnar if found where

Answer 31

uterine tube

Question 32

Pseudostratified columnar cells are found where

Answer 32

respiratory tract

Question 33

Transitional epithelia if found where

Answer 33

ureter, urinary bladder and most of the urethra

Question 34

At the end of two weeks the fetus has how many germinal layers

Answer 34

Two germinal layers (bilaminar)

Question 35

At the end of three weeks (Day 21) the fetus has how many germinal layers

Answer 35

Three germinal layers (trilaminar)

Question 36

The endoderm lies where in relation to the three germinal layers

Answer 36

On the inside

Question 37

The endoderm gives rise to what

Answer 37

Epithelium of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and the bladder (but not the trigone)

Question 38

In relation to the three germinal layers of a fetus where does the ectoderm lie

Answer 38

on the outside

Question 39

The ectoderm gives rise to what

Answer 39

• epidermis including hair and nails
• retina and lens
• CNS and PNS, pia and arachnoid mater
• adrenal medulla

Question 40

In relation to the three germinal layers of the fetus where does the mesoderm lie

Answer 40

in the middle (between the endoderm and ectoderm)

Question 41

What does the mesoderm give rise to

Answer 41

• Bones and muscles of the trunk and extremities
• cardiovascular system, spleen, kidney, ureter and trigone of bladder
• cartilage and muscles of the respiratory system
• adrenal cortex, thyroid gland, dermis of skin and dura mater of spinal cord