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Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

When does the heart develop in the fetus?

A

3rd week

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2
Q

What forms the proximal end of the heart?

A

Sinus Venosus

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3
Q

What forms the distal end of the heart?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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4
Q

When does the septum primum divide atrial dilation?

A

5th week

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5
Q

What is the hole that forms above the septum primum?

A

Ostium Secendum

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6
Q

What forms to the Right of the Septum Primum?

A

Septum secundum

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7
Q

What does the Truncus arteriosus divide into?

A

aortic and pulmonary tubes

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8
Q

When does the Truncus arteriosus divide into the aortic and pulmonary tubes?

A

7th and 8th weeks

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9
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus do?

A

shunts oxygenated blood from left pulmonary artery to arch of aorta

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10
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth?

A

closes to form ligamentum arteriossum

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11
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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12
Q

What is the most common atrial defect?

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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13
Q

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect?

A

Fallot’s Tetralogy (PROV)

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14
Q

Fallot’s Tetralogy?

A

(PROV)

  • pulmonary stenosis
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
  • overriding aorta (dextroposition)
  • ventricular sepal defect
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15
Q

What occurs in cyanotic conditions?

A

Deoxygenated blood goes from Right side to Left side

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16
Q

What are the non-cyanotic heart conditions?

A

(DDD)

  • Atrial Septal Defect
  • Ventricular Ductus Arteriosus
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17
Q

What are the 2 origins of the Right Atrium and Left Atrium?

A
  • Sinus venosus = smooth

- True Atrium = rough part

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18
Q

What separates the rough and smooth parts of the Right Atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

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19
Q

Where does the majority of venous blood drain into the heart from?

A

coronary sinus

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20
Q

What type of muscles make up the Right Ventricle?

A

Trabeculae and papillary muscles

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21
Q

What does the Infundibulum arise from?

A

the bulbous cordis

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22
Q

How much thicker is the Left ventricle compared to the Right ventricle?

A

3x w/ trabeculae carneae

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23
Q

What separates the Left from the Right ventricle?

A

interventricular septum

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24
Q

Where is the aortic valve located?

A

2nd R intercostal 1.25 cm from sternum

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25
Where is the pulmonary valve located?
2nd L intercostal 1.25cm from sternum
26
Where is the Tricuspid valve located?
4th L intercostal 1.25cm from sternum
27
Where is the Mitral valve located?
5th L intercostal 7 - 9cm from sternum
28
What valve shunts blood from the left ventricle to the aorta?
Aortic
29
What valve shunts blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk?
Pulmonary
30
What valve shunts blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
31
What valve shunts blood from the left atrium to the Left ventricle?
Mitral
32
What valve has anterior and posterior leaflets?
Mitral valve
33
What are the semilunar valves?
Aortic and pulmonary
34
What supplies the heart with blood?
- Right Coronary artery | - Left coronary artery
35
Where do the Right and Left Coronary artery arise from?
Ascending part of the aorta
36
Where does the Right Coronary artery originate?
aortic coronary sinus
37
What are the branches of the Right Coronary Artery?
(RAPS) - Right Marginal - Atrioventricular - Posterior interventricular - Sinu atrial
38
Where does the Right Coronary artery supply blood to?
- Right atrium - Right ventricle - 30% of atrium - SA node (55% of pop) - AV node (85% of pop) - Posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum
39
Where does the Left Coronary Sinus originate?
Left aortic coronary sinus
40
What are the branches of the Left Coronary Artery?
- Circumflex - Anterior interventricular (Left anterior descending) - Left marginal
41
Where does the Left Coronary Artery supply blood to?
- Left ventricle - 70% of atrium - anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
42
What drain 60 - 70% of blood?
Coronary Sinus
43
What does the coronary sinus drain it's blood through?
- great cardiac vein - small cardiac vein - middle cardiac vein - oblique cardiac vein
44
What drains venous blood other than the coronary sinus?
- anterior cardiac vein | - venae cordis minimi
45
What accompanies the Great Cardiac vein?
L anterior descending artery
46
What accompanies the small cardiac vein?
Right marginal artery
47
What accompanies the middle cardiac vein?
posterior interventricular artery
48
What is the cardiac conduction system made of?
specialized myocardial tissue that beats rhythmically without nervous input
49
Which node controls the upper right atrium?
Sino-Atrial node
50
Which nod controls the posterior inferior interatrial septum?
Atrio-ventricular node
51
Which node controls the membranous interventricular system?
Bundle of His
52
Which node controls the muscular interventricular system?
right and left bundle branches
53
What are Purkinje Fibres?
ends of the bundle branches
54
What innervates the Sino-Atrial node?
- cardiac plexus w/ sympathetic from T1-5 and parasympathetic from CN 10
55
What does the cardiac plexus divide into?
- Deep behind arch of aorta | - Superficial below arch of aorta
56
Where does the Superficial branch of Cardiac plexus receive fibres from?
- Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion | - Inferior cardiac branch of vagus
57
Where does the Deep branch of Cardiac plexus receive fibres from?
- superior middle and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion - superior and inferior cardiac branches of vagus - Recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus
58
Branches of thoracic aorta from ascending aorta?
- right coronary artery | - left coronary artery
59
Branches of thoracic aorta from Arch of aorta?
- Brachiocephalic trunk - left common carotid - left subclavian
60
Branches of thoracic aorta from descending?
- 3 to 11 intercostals - bronchial - esophageal
61
What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
- 4 paired visceral arteries - 4 paired parietals - 4 unpaired viscera
62
What are the 4 paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
- inferior phrenic - middle adrenal - renal - gonadal
63
What are the 4 paired parietals branches of the abdominal aorta?
- 1st to 4th lumbar series
64
What are the 4 unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
- Cephalic Trunk T12 - Superior mesenteric L1 - Inferior mesenteric L3 - Median Sacral
65
What are the 9 branches of the Internal iliac artery?
Anterior: Some Inherit Money Some Inherit Insanity Usually, Posterior: Isn't Life Stupid Anterior - Superior Vesical - Inferior Vesical - Middle rectal - Obtuartor - Inferior gluteal - internal pudendal - Uterine Posterior - Iliolumbar - Lateral sacral - Superior gluteal
66
What are the branches of the external iliac artery?
CID - Cremasteric artery - inferior epigastric artery - deep circumflex artery
67
What does the illiac artery become past the inguinal ligament?
- Femoral artery
68
What does the femoral artery branch into?
SDSD - superficial external pudendal - deep external pudendal - superficial circumflex iliac - deep femoral w/ medial and lateral circumflex
69
What does the femoral artery become past the adductor canal?
Popliteal artery
70
What are the branches of the popliteal artery?
- Medial superior genicular - Lateral superior genicular - middle genicular - Medial genicular - lateral genicular
71
What does the popliteal artery become past the popliteal fossa?
- posterior tibial artery | - anterior tibial artery
72
What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery?
- Posterior medial malleolar - Muscular - Peroneal (Fibular) - nutrient to the tibia
73
What does the posterior tibial artery become after pass behind the malleolus?
- medial plantar artery | - lateral plantar artery
74
What are the branches of the anterior tibial artery?
- Recurrent genicular - anterior medial - lateral malleolar
75
What does the anterior tibial artery become?
Dorsalis Pedis artery
76
What does the dorsalis pedis branch into?
Arcuate artery which supply the dorsum of the foot

CHIRO BOARDS (5 decks)

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