Cardiovascular anatomy

Question 1

Arteries and veins

Answer 1

Large arteries contain a thick tunica media to allow for high pressure

Arterioles are where the majority of precapilary sphincters are to regulate blood flow

Venules and medium sized veins have the valves to prevent back flow

Large veins do not

Question 2

peripheral circulation- functional anatomy

Answer 2

conductance vessels- large arteries, interconversion of pressure and elastic energy dampen ventricular pulse

Resistance vessels- small arteries/arterioles, large pressure change, flow regulation

Exchange vessels- capillaries and small venules nutrient delivery/metabolite removal

Capacitance vessels- veins (return at low pressure, blood storage

Question 3

Arterial systme

Answer 3

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood under relatively high pressure compared to veins away from the heart and distribute it to the body, the left ventricle propels O2 rich blood returned to the heart from the pulmonary circulation thru systemic arteries (aorta and its branches), exchanging oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide in the body’s capillaries

Question 4

Venous system

Answer 4

Veins generally return low oxygen blood from capillary beds to the heart. The low O2 content causes the blood to appear dark blue, medium and large veins contain valves that assist venous to the heart, muscle contraction also helps to compress veins propelling the blood towards the heart

Loss of venous tone: pooling, decreases venous return, decreases cardiac outpu, decreases arterial BP, syncope
Prevented by reflex arterial vasoconstriction, reflext venoconstriction, sk muscle pump, abdominal compression relex

Question 5

Venous tributaries of IVC

Answer 5

Body wall- inferior phrenic and lumbar veins

From UG organs- (Right supra renal, right gonadal (left into left renal), both renal v)
hepatic veins from liver

Lumbar veins– ascending lumbar–> hemiazygous on left–> azygous

Lumbar veins contribute to epidural venous plexus