cardiovascular agents Flashcards
Furosemide (Lasix) MOA
effects the ascending limb of loop of henle to block reabsorption of NA and Cl, prevents reabsorption of water
Furosemide (Lasix) indication
Pulmonary edema from HF
edema non-responsive to other agents
HTN not controlled by other agents
Furosemide (Lasix) adverse effects
decrease Na+ Cl K+ and BP
ototoxicity (ringing in ears)
dehydration with higher risk of thrombosis and emboli
ventricular dysrhythmias if used with digoxin
Furosemide (Lasix) nursing considerations
close monitoring of I/O, vitals, weight, hearing and electrolytes
admin in morning-early afternoon
Slow IVP- give 10-2mg/min
educate on K+ rich sources in diet
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) MOA
in distal convoluted tubule to block reabsorption of Na and Cl preventing water reabsorption
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) indications
hypertension
edema secondary to HF, hepatic, or renal disease
diabetes insipidus
postmenopausal osteoporosis
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) adverse effects
decrease Na+ Cl K+ and BP
dehydration with higher risk of thrombosis and emboli
ventricular dysrhythmias if used with digoxin
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) nursing consideration
cant be used with patients with low GFR
watch I/O, vitals, weight, electrolyte
morning-afternoon administrations
education on K+ rich sources in diet
Mannitol (Osmitrol) MOA
pulls fluid from interstitial space and moves it into vascular and extravascular space via osmosis
Mannitol (Osmitrol) indications
Prophylaxis of renal failure with hypovolemic shock and severe hypotension
Reduction of intracranial and intraocular pressure
Mannitol (Osmitrol) adverse effects
Edema, especially in patients with existing heart failure
Fluid & electrolyte imbalances
Mannitol (Osmitrol) nursing considerations
use filter needles to avoid microscopic crystals
watch for changes in ICP
if urine output decreases severely, STOP
Spironolactone (Aldactone) MOA
blocks action of aldosterone in distal nephron
Spironolactone (Aldactone) indications
hypertension, often co-administered with K+ wasting diuretics
edema
HF
Spironolactone (Aldactone) adverse effects
hyperkalemia
ednocrine effects menstrual irregularities, impotence, hirsutism and deepened voice
Spironolactone (Aldactone) nursing considerations
Watch i/o, vitals, weight,a dn electrolytes
educate pt on K+ rich diet
Kayexalate MOA
binds to K+ in intestine and excreted in stool
Kayexalate adverse effects
Gastric irritation
N/V
Constipation OR diarrhea
Hypokalemia
Kayexalate nursing considerations
Assess for bowel sounds/gastric motility prior to administering!
Monitor EKG
Monitor electrolytes
Lisinopril (Zestril) MOA
ACE inhibitor