Cardiovascular; A&P and Drugs Flashcards
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
- Carrying O2 to cells & remove cell waste
- Collect nutrients from intestine
- Carry white blood cells to aid immune response
- Generate/maintain blood pressure that helps these processes
Physiology of the Heart
Right - deoxy from body into VC, leaves PA to lungs
Left - oxy from lungs into PV, leaves to body by A
The Coronary Vessels; What each Supplies Blood To
Aortic Ostia - supplies cardiac muscle blood
Main Vessels:
- Right Coronary Artery
- Left Coronary Artery which splits into left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery
LCA - supplies left ventricle and left atrium
LAD - supplies blood to the front and left side of heart, septum
Circumflex - supplies the outer side and back of heart
RCA - supplies blood to righ ventricle, left atrium, septum and the electrical nodes
Functions of the Blood Vessels
Arteries - carry blood away from the heart into arterioles Arterioles - Branches of arteries to control flow to capillaries Veins - carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries back to heart Capillaries - carry blood straight to cells, to diffuse with cell fluid to exchange materials with tissues
Diastole and Systole
Diastole is the filling of the ventricles while Systole is the contraction of the muscle upwards, pumping/emptying the blood into the atrium’s
Pathway of Electricity in the Heart Relating to Muscle Movement
- The Sinoatrial node (SAN) located in the right atrium stimulate releases an electrical impulse. This causes the contraction of the atria
- The wave of excitation travels to the atrioventricular node (AVN) located in the bundle of his, in the septum
- The AVN causes electricity then travels along the bundle of his (septum) to the Purkinje tissue at the bottom and upwards across the ventricles causing the ventricles to contract
Presentation of Fluids
100ml, 250ml and 1,000ml packs
Indication of Fluids
- Haemorrhage
- Trauma related haemorrhage
- Medical conditions without haemorrhage eg sepsis
- Burns
- Limb crush injuries
Contra-Indications Fluids
The sole purpose of keeping a vein open
Side-Effects Fluids
Over-infusion may lead to pulmonary oedema and cause breathlessness
Route Fluids
IV or IO
Dosage FLuids
Dependant on which medical emergency is indicated eg 1L in burns, 2L in crush syndrome. See page for age
Different Target Systolics
Sepsis, medical haemorrhage - over 90
Blunt trauma, head trauma, penetrating limb trauma - 90
Penetrating torso trauma - 60
TBI - 110
Presentation of GTN
Sublingual spray - 400mcg
Sublingual tablets - 300, 500 or 600 mcg
Indications of GTN
- Cardiac chest pain to due angina or MI
- Acute heart failure with ischaemia or uncontrolled hypertension
- Suspected cocaine toxicity with chest pain
