Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

A patient presents with fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Pericarditis

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2
Q

A patient has an irregularly irregular pulse. What’s the most likely cause?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

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3
Q

An ECG shows a saw tooth baseline and a pulse rate of 150bpm. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Atrial flutter

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4
Q

What is a raised JVP often a sign of?

A

Right sided heart failure

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5
Q

Patient comes in with crushing chest pain and a sense of impending doom. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

MI

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6
Q

What is a saddle shaped ST elevation a sign of?

A

Pericarditis

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7
Q

What does a broad complex tachycardia indicate?

A

A fault in the ventricles of the heart

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8
Q

A patient has a mid diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex. What is that murmur?

A

Mitral stenosis

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9
Q

A patient’s ECG shows a broad QRS complex with a slurred upstroke on the R wave (I.e. delta wave). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome

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10
Q

A ECG shows tall t waves and wide QRS complexes. What’s the cause of this?

A

Hyperkalemia

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11
Q

A patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks after their MI. What is this called?

A

Dressler’s syndrome

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12
Q

A patient comes in with a blurred, yellowing vision headache. What is the likely cause of this?

A

Digoxin toxicity

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13
Q

What are Janeway lesions/ Osler nodes a sign of?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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14
Q

What can cause a continuous, machine-like heart murmur?

A

A patent ductus arteriosus

Patent = a duct or vessel that is open and unobstructed/ failing to close

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15
Q

A chest X-ray shows rib notching. What is this a sign of?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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16
Q

Which murmurs are systolic?

A

MRS ASS

Mitral regurgitation systolic

Aortic stenosis systolic

17
Q

What is a side effect of ACE inhibitors?

18
Q

When are ACE inhibitors contraindicated?

A

In renal artery stenosis

19
Q

What is radial - radial delay a sign of?

A

Aortic dissection

Coarctation of the aorta

20
Q

What is a collapsing pulse a sign of?

A

Aortic regurgitation

21
Q

What is a slow rising pulse a sign of?

A

Aortic stenosis

22
Q

What are splinter haemorrhages a sign of?

A

Infective endocarditis

23
Q

What is an atrial myxoma?

A

A non cancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart.

24
Q

What does cardiac tamponade mean?

A

A collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas in the pericardial space which prevents the contraction of the heart

25
Q

What is the treatment of pericarditis?

A

Pain relief

NSAIDs

26
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot and what is it characterized by?

A

A congenital heart disease

Features:
A large ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular outflow obstruction
Right ventricular hypertrophy
27
Q

What could a wide pulse pressure indicate?

A

Aortic regurgitation
Aortic dissection
Complete heart block
Thyrotoxicosis

28
Q

What are some causes of atrial fibrillation?

A
A - Alcohol
T - Thyroid problems 
R - Rheumatic fever
I - Idiopathic
A - Atrial myxoma
L - Lung (PE, emphysema)

F - Pheochromocytoma
I - Ischaemia
B - Blood pressure

29
Q

What are some reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

A

Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hyperkalaemia/ hypokalaemia
Hypoxia

Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Thromboembolism
Toxin