Cardiovascular Flashcards
A patient presents with fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. What is the likely diagnosis?
Pericarditis
A patient has an irregularly irregular pulse. What’s the most likely cause?
Atrial Fibrillation
An ECG shows a saw tooth baseline and a pulse rate of 150bpm. What is the likely diagnosis?
Atrial flutter
What is a raised JVP often a sign of?
Right sided heart failure
Patient comes in with crushing chest pain and a sense of impending doom. What is the likely diagnosis?
MI
What is a saddle shaped ST elevation a sign of?
Pericarditis
What does a broad complex tachycardia indicate?
A fault in the ventricles of the heart
A patient has a mid diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex. What is that murmur?
Mitral stenosis
A patient’s ECG shows a broad QRS complex with a slurred upstroke on the R wave (I.e. delta wave). What is the most likely diagnosis?
Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome
A ECG shows tall t waves and wide QRS complexes. What’s the cause of this?
Hyperkalemia
A patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks after their MI. What is this called?
Dressler’s syndrome
A patient comes in with a blurred, yellowing vision headache. What is the likely cause of this?
Digoxin toxicity
What are Janeway lesions/ Osler nodes a sign of?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
What can cause a continuous, machine-like heart murmur?
A patent ductus arteriosus
Patent = a duct or vessel that is open and unobstructed/ failing to close
A chest X-ray shows rib notching. What is this a sign of?
Coarctation of the aorta
Which murmurs are systolic?
MRS ASS
Mitral regurgitation systolic
Aortic stenosis systolic
What is a side effect of ACE inhibitors?
Dry cough
When are ACE inhibitors contraindicated?
In renal artery stenosis
What is radial - radial delay a sign of?
Aortic dissection
Coarctation of the aorta
What is a collapsing pulse a sign of?
Aortic regurgitation
What is a slow rising pulse a sign of?
Aortic stenosis
What are splinter haemorrhages a sign of?
Infective endocarditis
What is an atrial myxoma?
A non cancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart.
What does cardiac tamponade mean?
A collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas in the pericardial space which prevents the contraction of the heart
What is the treatment of pericarditis?
Pain relief
NSAIDs
What is tetralogy of fallot and what is it characterized by?
A congenital heart disease
Features: A large ventricular septal defect Overriding aorta Right ventricular outflow obstruction Right ventricular hypertrophy
What could a wide pulse pressure indicate?
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic dissection
Complete heart block
Thyrotoxicosis
What are some causes of atrial fibrillation?
A - Alcohol T - Thyroid problems R - Rheumatic fever I - Idiopathic A - Atrial myxoma L - Lung (PE, emphysema)
F - Pheochromocytoma
I - Ischaemia
B - Blood pressure
What are some reversible causes of cardiac arrest?
Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hyperkalaemia/ hypokalaemia
Hypoxia
Tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Thromboembolism
Toxin