Cardiovascular Flashcards
3 divisions of the circulatory system
systematic, pulmonary, coronary
coverings of the heart
pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
explain the process of the heart beat
SA node set off an electrical impulse that causes the atria to contract, these impulses are sent to the AV node which carries it to the bundle of His. His then connects with purkinje fibres which conduct impulses to make ventricles contract.
ECG
Electrocardiogram measures electrical field in the heart
P wave
monitors contraction of atria
QRS
records ventricular contraction
T wave
signals ventricles contracted
Cardiac output
amount of blood that can be pumped by the heart. determined by multiplication of bbm and stroke volume
Stroke volume
amount of blood that can be forced out of the heart
factors that affect arterial blood vessels/ blood pressure
diameter and elasticity of blood vessels and blood viscosity
Systolic pressure
when ventricles contract 120-140
Diastolic pressure
when ventricles relax fill with blood. 70-90
lub
ventricles contracting av closes sv opens
dub
ventricles relax sv closes av opens
name of blood pressure device
sphygmomanometer
how does the heart get nutrients and oxygen
through capillaries in the coronary pathway
what happens to rbc’s when there’s little oxygen
it increases
types of leukocytes
lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
process of blood clotting
platelet breaks apart and releases chemicals to form thromboplastin. This along with prothrombin and calcium ions form thrombin. Thrombin reacts with fibrinogen to produce fibrin. Fibrin forms strands around the wound trapping blood and forming a clot.
interstitial fluid
also known as extracellular fluid. fluid that covers all cells
lymphatic system function
maintains the balance of fluids in the body
non specific immunity
monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages using hagocytosis
Process of immune response to an infection
When the pathogen gets through the first line of defence,skin, macrophages and monocytes and neutrophils attack and destroy the pathogens. this causes the pathogens to release their antigens. this alerts T cells who begin to multiply and kill the infected tissue cells. B cells then attach themselves to the antigen. Other T cells bind to the B cells and antigens which activates the B cells making the bigger and reproduce. They form plasma cells which produce thousands of antibodies, and memory cells which remain in the blood incase the same pathogen comes back.
