Cardiovascular

Question 1

3 divisions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

systematic, pulmonary, coronary

Question 2

coverings of the heart

Answer 2

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 3

explain the process of the heart beat

Answer 3

SA node set off an electrical impulse that causes the atria to contract, these impulses are sent to the AV node which carries it to the bundle of His. His then connects with purkinje fibres which conduct impulses to make ventricles contract.

Question 4

ECG

Answer 4

Electrocardiogram measures electrical field in the heart

Question 5

P wave

Answer 5

monitors contraction of atria

Question 6

QRS

Answer 6

records ventricular contraction

Question 7

T wave

Answer 7

signals ventricles contracted

Question 8

Cardiac output

Answer 8

amount of blood that can be pumped by the heart. determined by multiplication of bbm and stroke volume

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

amount of blood that can be forced out of the heart

Question 10

factors that affect arterial blood vessels/ blood pressure

Answer 10

diameter and elasticity of blood vessels and blood viscosity

Question 11

Systolic pressure

Answer 11

when ventricles contract 120-140

Question 12

Diastolic pressure

Answer 12

when ventricles relax fill with blood. 70-90

Question 13

lub

Answer 13

ventricles contracting av closes sv opens

Question 14

dub

Answer 14

ventricles relax sv closes av opens

Question 15

name of blood pressure device

Answer 15

sphygmomanometer

Question 16

how does the heart get nutrients and oxygen

Answer 16

through capillaries in the coronary pathway

Question 17

what happens to rbc’s when there’s little oxygen

Answer 17

it increases

Question 18

types of leukocytes

Answer 18

lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 19

process of blood clotting

Answer 19

platelet breaks apart and releases chemicals to form thromboplastin. This along with prothrombin and calcium ions form thrombin. Thrombin reacts with fibrinogen to produce fibrin. Fibrin forms strands around the wound trapping blood and forming a clot.

Question 20

interstitial fluid

Answer 20

also known as extracellular fluid. fluid that covers all cells

Question 21

lymphatic system function

Answer 21

maintains the balance of fluids in the body

Question 22

non specific immunity

Answer 22

monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages using hagocytosis

Question 23

Process of immune response to an infection

Answer 23

When the pathogen gets through the first line of defence,skin, macrophages and monocytes and neutrophils attack and destroy the pathogens. this causes the pathogens to release their antigens. this alerts T cells who begin to multiply and kill the infected tissue cells. B cells then attach themselves to the antigen. Other T cells bind to the B cells and antigens which activates the B cells making the bigger and reproduce. They form plasma cells which produce thousands of antibodies, and memory cells which remain in the blood incase the same pathogen comes back.