Cardiovascular Flashcards
condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries
atherosclerosis
Plaque is a buildup of….
buildup ofcholesterol, whiteblood cells,calcium, and other substances in the walls ofarteries
Plaques are covered by
Fibrous caps
ISECHEMIC HEART DISEASE
also called coronary heart disease
a condition in which theheartbecomes enlarged and cannot pump blood efficiently
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
progressive cardiac enlargement andhypertrophy, is a process called…
Remodeling
the result of damage to the myocardiumproduced by a variety oftoxic,metabolic, or infectious agents. It may be due to fibrous change of the myocardium from a previousmyocardial infarction.
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
where there’s an abnormality in the wall (septum) between the main chambers of the heart.
Septal Defects
2 kinds of septal defects
Atrial Septal Defect
Ventricular Septal Defect
where the main large artery (Aorta) of the body, is narrower than normal.
Coarctation of the Aorta
controls the flow of blood out of the lower right chamber of the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs
the pulmonary valve
the pulmonary valve is narrower than normal .
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
where the pulmonary artery (lung artery) and main body artery (the aorta) are “swapped over” and are connected to the wrong pumping chamber.
Transposition of the great arteries
a type of ultrasound test that uses high-pitched sound waves that are sent through a device called a transducer.
Echocardiogram
a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
a test that measures the heart’s electrical activity
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
used to check whether there’s an excess amount of blood in the lungs, or whether the heart is larger than normal.
Chest X-ray
is a test that measures the amount of oxygen present in the blood.
Pulse Oximetry
occurs when fatty deposits (plaques) clog the blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain and head.
Carotid Artery Disease
Diseases that affect the cardiovascular system
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Treatment for Transposition of the Great Artery
surgical technique called arterial switch is used
Treatment for Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
valvuloplasty
are a pair of blood vessels located on both sides of your neck that deliver blood to your brain and head.
The carotid arteries
occur due to problems with the blood supply to the brain
Strokes
the most common form of stroke
Ischemic strokes
They are caused by the arteries that connect to the brain becoming blocked or narrowed, resulting in ischemia - severely reduced blood flow.
Ischemic strokes
are caused by arteries in the brain either leaking blood or bursting open.
Hemorrhagic strokes
Blood vessels can burst or spill blood in the middle of the brain or near the surface of the brain, sending blood into the space between the brain and the skull.
Hemorrhagic strokes
the flow of blood to the brain is only disrupted temporarily for a short time.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
They serve as warning signs for future strokes and indicate that there is a partially blocked artery or clot source in the heart.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
How to diagnose a stroke
Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time
involves a surgeon opening the carotid artery and removing any plaque that might be blocking it.
carotid endarterectomy
involves a surgeon inflating a small balloon in a narrowed artery via catheter and then inserting a stent
Angioplasty
an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue — the fibers that support and anchor your organs and other structures in your body.
Marfan syndrome
are usually tall and thin with disproportionately long arms, legs, fingers and toes.
People with Marfan syndrome
Complications of Marfan Syndrome
Aortic enlargement
A tear or rupture between layers of the aortic wall is
aortic dissection
are medicines that help your heart beat slower and with less force.
Beta blockers
man-made tube
Graft
For this surgery, part of the aorta and the aortic valve are removed. The aorta is replaced with a man-made tube
composite valve graft
For this surgery, your doctor replaces the enlarged part of your aorta with a graft. Your aortic valve is left in place
Aortic valve-sparing surgery
help prevent blood clots from forming on your man-made aortic valve
Blood thinners
blood vessels that deliver blood to your brain and head
Carotid arteries
