Cardiovascular Flashcards

Question

pericardits

Answer 1

pleuritic pain - relieved by sitting ?cough dysp percardial rub on ausc tachycard/tachydysp post virus - coxsackie b post mi (dresslers) bact is rarer - staph, tb ecg - saddle ST elev widespread pr depression

Answer 2

``` widespread ST (saddle) elevation - across territories trop may be slightly raised ```

Answer 3

2dry to pericarditis HF (sob, jvp, pleural effusion, ascites) low voltage ecg pericardiocentesis if accumulates-->tamponade (low bp, high pulse)

Answer 4

2dry to pericarditis RHF signs CXR: calcification t: surgical excision

Answer 5

sudden severe - max at onset rad to back pulse deficit and bp difference may get neuro/cog impair may get inferior mi (take out rca) cxr may show small pleural eff, wide mediastinum I: ct angiogram M: control blood pressure, refer to sugery

Answer 6

haemoptysis dyspnoea tachycardia pleuritic pain see respiratory alkalosis w low oxygen wells score CTPA, heparin thrombolysis anticoag

Answer 7

missed beats disappear w exercise if symptomatic investigate - echo, exercise ecg

Answer 8

broad complex tachy (>120) - stable - amiod - unstable - shock correct hypokal/hypomag

Answer 9

can be inherited syndrome torsade de pointes risk of getting VT ``` drugs: tca, ssri amiodarone methadone TERFEADINE (ant hist) chloroquine (anti malaria) erythromycin ``` - hypo cal,kal,mag,thermia

Answer 10

narrow complex (<120 - 3 small) flutter (sawtooth, w 2:1 block gives 150) junctional ``` compromised - cardioversion stable - VAGAL - ADENOSINE (ci in asthma) prevention - b-block ablation ``` *SEE POLYURIA AFTER DUE TO ANP RELEASE

Answer 11

polymorphic wide complex tachy causes - electrolytes - hypomag, hypokal - post mi - drugs - amiod, methadone - congenital * aut dom: romano ward * aut recess: lange nielsen M: replace electrolytes Mg then K

Answer 12

1st degree - prolonged pr 2nd degree type 1 successive increases until dropped beat type 2 2:1 or 3:1 3rd degree total - no relation

Answer 13

ISCHAEMIC post MI DILATED - test BNP alcohol htn autoimmune HYPERTROPHIC hocm - autosomal dominant t: bblock, implan defib, amiod for arryth RESTRICTIVE/INFILTRATIVE amyloid, haemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma

Answer 14

post viral or bact infect drugs: cyclophosphamide, herceptin causes acute HF, cp, palp troponin slight may cause chronic HF

Answer 15

FEVER MURMUR EMBOLI systemic symptoms risk: heart defect, valve prob, iv drug, new valve, dental 50% normal vlaves, acute, HF, staph A 50% abn valves, subacute, strep viridans (alpha haem) 95% left right (tricuspid) with drug users d: 3 blood cultures, echo (veg,regurg) t: iv gent and benzylpen

Answer 16

bicuspid aorta - AS ASD (L to R shunt) - pulm htn. hf - eisenmenger (pulm htn reverse shunt; cyanoisis sob, infec, rhf) VSD - pulm htn, hf COARC - turners PULM STEN

Answer 17

VSD overriding aorta pulm stenosis RVH right to left shunt CYANOTIC

Answer 18

young patient - it is congenital monitor for eissenmenger's loud pan systolic murmur loudest at lse but widespread

Answer 19

fixed splitting of second heart sound

Answer 20

DVT can lead to stroke instead of PE

Answer 21

``` carditis (tachy, murmur, rub, ccf, arrhth) arthritis subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum sydenhams chorea ```

Answer 22

rest penicillin high dose aspirin for carditis/arthritis acute attck can take 3m to clear 60% chronic heart disease can recur

Answer 23

hyperkal (spiro, ace, renal fail, addisons, acidosis) - tall tented T - small P - wide QRS hypokal (diuretics, vom/diar, alk, conns) - U - small T - long pr

Answer 24

1 - heart disease but no dysp 2 - dysp not at rest but on ordinary activity - walking/stairs 3 - dysp on basic activities - making tea 4 - dysp at rest

Answer 25

throws off clots --> stroke cause of clubbing

Answer 26

like endocard: fever, clubbing like m stenosis: af, congestion

Answer 27

s3 - heart failure s4 - AS, hocm, htn

Answer 28

hyponatraemia is main se avoid in gout K depletion -u waves, no T, long qt/pr

Answer 29

hypothermia

Answer 30

wolf parkinson white cause of rentry tachycardia bundle of kent --> ablate

Answer 31

can cause heart block can cause down sloping ST, T inversion se - any arryth, yellow vision, nausea, gynecomast antidote: digoxin immune fab (digibind)

Answer 32

``` symptoms ST > 1mm ST downsloping is diagnostic fall in bp arryth reach max hr (220-age) ```

Answer 33

MI w angioplast 1 week pacemaker 1 week MI no angioplast - 4 weeks CABG - 4 weeks

Answer 34

afebrile endocarditis just new murmur and emboli --> stroke assoc w SLE (ana) and other connective tisssues

Answer 35

cough first dose hypo hyperkal rarer - tongue and face swelling - can last up to 6m once stopped

Answer 36

oedema - ankles flushing in overdose - pulmonary oedema

Answer 37

headache can devel tolerance

Answer 38

constipation

Answer 39

slow hr peripheral vasoconst - cold peripheries - erectile dysf ci: asthma

Answer 40

hyperkalaemia

Answer 41

sits in pulmonary artery used mostly in critical care - continual monitoring diagnostic info - hf - ie post mi, cardiogenic shock - pulm htn (wedge pressure) - assess therapy response - assess fluid need

Answer 42

sits in internal jugular - sometime femroal or subclavian deliver drugs - amiod, chemo monitoring - central venous oxygen sat - central venous pressure sometimes in haemodialysis

Answer 43

risk: smoke, htn, age, male, fh Defined when diam > 3cm Usually above umbilicus - after renal arteries Screening programme for men aged 65 Once over 6cm risk of rupture outweighs risk of surgery (endovascular stent) - 10% annual risk of rupture - surgery mortality is 2-7% Symptomatic if enlarging/leaking - constant/severe abdo pain (epigastric) rad to back Rupture - collapse and death

Answer 44

svt - often young no underlying heart disease - palpitation +/- syncope - vagal then adenosine or dc vt - stronger symptoms - syncope - often underlying heart disease - dc or amiod (or ligno)