Cardiovascular

Question 1

Cardiomegaly indicated when cardio-thoracic ratio is _______?

Answer 1

> 50% on PA X-ray

Question 2

Define thumbnail sign

Answer 2

Calcification on wall of aortic knob

Question 3

What does thumbnail sign indicate?

Answer 3

Atherosclerosis

Question 4

Define cephalization of blood flow

Answer 4

Incr vascular markings in upper lungs with decr markings in lower lungs

Question 5

A type of pleural effusion with pus

Answer 5

Empymia, pyrothorax

Question 6

A type of pleural effusion with blood

Answer 6

Hemothorax

Question 7

A type of pleural effusion with little or no proteins or solids

Answer 7

Transudate

Question 8

A type of pleural effusion with cells or proteins or other solids

Answer 8

Exudate

Question 9

How much fluid can be effused before the costophrenic angle is blunted in a PA view?

Answer 9

300ml

Question 10

Best X-ray view to see pleural effusion

Answer 10

Lateral decubitus

Question 11

When costophrenic angle is blunted and points upward on PA view, this sign is known as ______ sign

Answer 11

Meniscus

Question 12

Exposure to asbestos may cause ____ in lungs.

Answer 12

Mesothelioma

Question 13

Type of pneumothorax occurs without a known cause.

Answer 13

Spontaneous

Question 14

Type of pneumothorax that occurs from rib fracture

Answer 14

Traumatic

Question 15

Type of pneumothorax occurring from a hospital procedure

Answer 15

Iatrogenic

Question 16

A type of pneumothorax with mediastinal shift away from the affected side

Answer 16

Tension

Question 17

Permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles plus destruction of parenchyma. No fibrosis.

Answer 17

Emphysema

Question 18

Narrowed trachea shadow diameter in PA but above normal on lateral view. This X-ray sign is called ______. It is indicative of _____ disease.

Answer 18

Saber sheath sign, emphysema

Question 19

Cystic collection of dead air space in the lung is called ________. It may be a radio graphic sign of ______.

Answer 19

Bulla, emphysema