Abdominal Flashcards
Free air in the peritoneal cavity
Pneumoperitonium
Enlarged liver
Hepatomegaly
Finding an air-fluid level superimposed over the heart on a PA chest X-ray is an indication of what?
Hiatal hernia
Routine abdominal view
Scout, AP recumbent, plain abdominal
Best view for determining an aneurysm
Lateral
View to differentiate gall stones from kidney stones
Oblique
Method of choice for evaluating biliary system
Diagnostic ultrasound
To view GI fluid levels, use this X-ray view.
Decubitus
Used to fragment gall stones
Biliary lithotripsy
Used to measure blood flow and velocity
Doppler ultrasound
This tool is used for visualization of movement in radiography.
Fluoroscopy
In contrast radiography when an agent is administered alone, it is called______.
Single contrast
Whan a contrast agent is administered with CO2 or air, the process is called ______.
Double contrast
The gold standard for examination of vascular structures is ______.
CT
Which abdominal quadrant contains the liver
RUQ
Which abdominal quadrant contains the hepatic flex urge of the colon?
RUQ
Abdominal quadrant contains right kidney
RUQ
Abdominal quadrant containing left kidney
LUQ
Abdominal quadrant containing splenic flex ute of colon
LUQ
Abdominal quadrant containing sigmoid colon
LLQ
Abdominal quadrant containing cecum
RLQ
Name of body type with short, broad thorax and abdomen. Organs more transverse and highly placed.
Hypersthenic
Body type with very narrow thorax and abdomen. Organs hang low and are mostly in pelvic region.
Asthenic
Normal body type
Sthenic
Lanky body type. Organs appear longer and lower.
Hyposthenic
Name of abdominal calcification pattern. Coin size or smaller. Rounded ringed, laminated. Typical for stones.
Concretion
Name of abdominal calcifications with Large ringed, calcified wall of a hollow organ.
Cystic
Name of abdominal calcifications. Parallel lines or curvilinear calcifications often with skip areas.
Conduit or tubular
When abdominal aorta is > ______ cm, aneurysm is present
3 cm
What feature may be present on lumbar vertebral body that may indicate aneurysm?
Anterior scalloping
Imaging gold standard for determining abdominal aortic aneurysm?
CT aortography
Is obesity a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm?
No
Is age > 50 a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Yes
Is smoking a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Yes
Is a pulsatilla palpable mass a possible physical finding for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Yes
What type of aneurysm represents a dilation of all 3 layers of the aorta?
True aneurysm
Type of aneurysm where blood enters a tear in the intima and travels some distance through a false lumen.
Dissecting aneurysm
Type of aneurysm due to rupture of vessel wall commonly caused from trauma or iatrogenic needle, puncture, surgery.
Pseudo aneurysm, false aneurysm
Most common shape of aneurysm. Entire circumference of aorta is dilated.
Fusiform
Shape of aneurysm with local outpouring. Involves only part of the circumference.
Sacular
A venous calcification is called ________.
Phlebolith
A stone that fills the entire renal pelvis
Staghorn calculus
Another term for gall stones
Cholelithiasis
Obstruction of the common bile duct is called
Choledocholithiasis
Risk factors for gall stones
Female, fat, forty, fertile, family hx
“popcorn ball” appearance in female uterine
Uterine fibroma
Healed and calcified abscess in psoas muscle
Cold abscess from healed TB
Abnormal intraluminal intestinal gas pattern
D.A.D. Distension, Air-Fluid level absent, Displacement (adjacent organomegally or mass)
How much distension is normal for small intestine?
< 3 cm
How much Distension is normal for large intestine?
6 cm
How much Distension is normal for the cecum
9 cm
A coiled spring appearance in the small intestine may be an indication of _____.
Small intestine Distension
Most common type of hiatal hernia
Sliding, aka axial
How many air-fluid levels are normal in small intestine?
Up to 3. > 3 is abnormal
Obstruction of the intestines is called _____.
An ileus
A complete or partial mechanical blockage of the intestines is known as _____.
A dynamic, mechanical, obstructive ileus.
A temporary arrest of intestinal peristalsis in the absence of physical obstruction is known as ______.
Adynamic, paralytic, reflex ileus
When the bowel twists upon itself, called ___
Volvulus
A X-ray showing an inverted U of the large bowel may be a __________.
Volvulus
Most likely location of a volvulus
Sigmoid colon
Free air in the peritoneal cavity is known as
Pneumoperitoneum
Accumulation of water displacing abdominal organs is called _____
Ascites
Which is the largest kidney?
Left
Excessive drooping of the kidney is called
Kidney ptosis
